U.S. Army Schools for Scoundrels
Stein, Nancy
On his recent whirlwind visit to Panama in February, Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and Panama's Foreign Minister Juan Tack signed an eight point agreement of principles providing for the...
...Order of Battle...
...SCOPE: General Military Subjects...
...Squad and Platoon Tactics...
...Field Engineering...
...Methods of Instruction...
...Methods of Instruction...
...There is even a model Vietnamese village in the Canal Zone which has served as a realistic training site for Indochinabound Green Berets and continues to be used today for refresher training purposes...
...PURPOSE: To provide students with an understanding of the roles of local, regional, and national agencies in preventing or combating urban disturbances...
...19 weeks...
...Methods of Instruction...
...Border Patrol Academy in Texas has come under attack for its contribution to right-wing terrorism...
...150 students...
...I need not dwell upon the value of having in positions of leadership men who have first hand knowledge of how Americans do things and how they think...
...First Aid...
...Patrolling...
...Military Intelligence Orientation...
...Engineer...
...Military Intelligence...
...Military Intelligence...
...42 weeks...
...Signal Communications...
...COURSE: E-15, Military Intelligence Interrogator...
...First Aid...
...low income $2...
...Brigade Tactics...
...Army Command and General Staff College...
...Company Tactics...
...Graduates are qualified to instruct at Command and Staff Colleges...
...It was originally created to defend the Canal Zone itself, but through the years its function has expanded to include the defense of U.S...
...COURSE: 0-9, Military Police Officer...
...Interrogations...
...To provide training in small unit tactics and support services...
...Command and Management...
...60 students...
...Supervision of Criminal Investigation...
...40 students...
...NYT 10/23/73) In addition, the four leaders of the junta received some training in the United States and the Canal Zone...
...Basic Airborne Training...
...First Aid...
...U.S...
...30 students...
...Jungle Operations...
...Counterinsurgency Operations...
...military activity in the Canal Zone has been greatly stepped up...
...it is essential that the training program which brings military and police personnel from the other hemisphere nations to the United States and to training centers in Panama be continued and strengthened...
...Participants should come prepared to: (a) present a 30-minute conference on problem areas and solutions used to prevent or combat urban insurgency or civil disturbances in their home countries, and (b) discuss new or unique equipment used in their countries to control urban insurgency...
...Artillery Operations...
...First Aid...
...COURSE: 0-11, Military Intelligence Officer...
...Preparations for (a) and (b) should include appropriate training aids...
...Maintenance...
...In response to the growing wave of guerrilla activity in the cities, new courses have been developed on urban guerrilla warfare and sophisticated "criminal investigation techniques...
...According to ex-Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird, the Military Assistance Program, which includes military training, is the "essential ingredient" of the Nixon strategy...
...Engineer Subjects...
...6 weeks...
...Construction Management...
...Communications...
...PREREQUISITES: Officers in grades from Major to Colonel or equivalent representatives of police and other government agencies with responsibilities in maintaining civil order and public safety...
...It is the most important training ground for counterinsurgency operations in Latin America, and is the only U.S...
...Mortars...
...PURPOSE: To prepare cadets for commissios s as infantry officers and for service in other branches upon completion of additional branch training...
...Counterinsurgency Operations...
...40 students...
...First Aid...
...Order of Battle...
...Army...
...Army school to cater exclusively to Latin American personnel...
...According to the documents there is a heavy emphasis on intelligence operations, interrogation techniques, civic action, jungle warfare, and the inculcation of U.S...
...40 students...
...Civil Disturbances, Physical Security, and VIP Security...
...policy towards the junta, and the fate of political prisoners and refugees...
...Probably the greatest return on our military assistance investment comes from the training of selected officers and key specialists at our military schools and training centers in the United States and overseas...
...To introduce students to U.S...
...Battalion Tactics...
...Mountaineering...
...Counterinsurgency Operations...
...Small Arms and Grenades...
...Criminal Investigation...
...They carry out their activities in support of the objectives of the United States within the framework of the Cold War...
...Must be at least 21 years of age with 10 years of civilian education and 2 years experience in police duties...
...Larger Unit Operations...
...60 students...
...VIP and Physical Security...
...military is beefing up national armies into special repressive forces that would be able to unite under a single command to combat liberation movements anywhere in the continent...
...Since the formation of the Green Berets in 1962, they have operated in every Latin American country except Cuba, Haiti and Mexico...
...Operations and Training Management...
...Civic Action...
...11 weeks...
...To qualify students as military parachutists...
...Traffic Control...
...First Aid...
...A similar program of instruction offered to foreign police at the U.S...
...Psychological Operations and Public Relations Planning...
...bases remain in the Canal Zone or not, the work of training, arming and indoctrinating Latin American military personnel will continue...
...SCOPE: Map Reading...
...To teach application of communications skills in community development programs...
...Air Operations...
...Orientation Tour in United States...
...40 students...
...General Intelligence Subjects...
...Military Police Activities...
...It is also the headquarters of the U.S...
...Last January, USARSA celebrated the graduation of its 30,000th student...
...TRAINS CHILE JUNTA The military in Chile, which took over control last September, had six graduates of the Army School of the Americas in higher ranks...
...military and intelligence activities, supervises all U.S...
...military programs in the Canal Zone assume an even greater importance now that the liberal Alliance for Progress programs have been abandoned, and the U.S...
...The Latin American police and military are notorious for their involvement in para-military death squads, where much of their training is used to carry out violent attacks on government opponents...
...Air Force Operations...
...To familiarize officers with management procedures in logistical, personnel, military training, and preventive maintenance programs...
...Police Activities...
...PURPOSE: To prepare students to manage and supervise criminal investigation activities...
...Leadership...
...Interrogation...
...Nelson Rockefeller continued to stress the value of these programs after his 1969 tour of Latin America: "In view of the growing subversion against hemisphere governments...
...34 students...
...Signal Communications...
...The Communist Threat...
...Interrogations...
...Many of these graduates have risen to top positions in their governments...
...Weapons Training...
...Army weapons and equipment used by Latin American countries...
...ATTENDANCE AT USARSA* (Since founding in 1946 thru March 1973) Though the programs in the past were aimed mainly at instructing military personnel to fight internal battles, they have increasingly international implications...
...Because of the sensitive nature of SOUTHCOM's activities, no other Latin American country would allow the Pentagon to set up operations within its borders...
...COURSE: 0-14, Command Management...
...Intelligence...
...Guest Speakers...
...Operations...
...Jungle Operations...
...Strategy and Strategic Subjects...
...Tactical Communications...
...Airmobile Operations...
...Civic Action...
...Maintenance...
...Physical Security...
...Chile Newsletter Provides eyewitness accounts of the economic and political situation inside Chile...
...Counterinsurgency Operations...
...4 weeks...
...Community Development Planning...
...Single Sideband Radio Sets and Equipment...
...citizens of Mexican, Puerto Rican or Cuban descent, and top graduates in each class are invited back as guest lecturers...
...PURPOSE: To prepare senior U.S...
...5 weeks...
...COURSE: OE-8, Jungle Operations...
...Basic Demolitions...
...SCOPE: Leadership...
...This was partly due to the costs of operating the program: $136.5 million last year alone...
...management and employment of engineer resources...
...40 students...
...Disaster Relief Planning...
...Army School of the Americas, located at Fort Gulick in the Canal Zone, was established to "conduct training for designated Latin American personnel which will increase their capability to contribute to the maintenance of internal security and the development of their countries...
...SCOPE: Fundamentals of Staff Operations...
...PURPOSE: To prepare military police officers for duty assignments at the unit level...
...Military Security...
...Map Reading...
...Squad and Platoon Tactics...
...reports on Chilean resistance, U.S...
...Must have at least six years of education and have attended a basic arms or intelligence course...
...Employees/Informants...
...16 weeks...
...Documents recently made available to NACLA describe the course curriculum offered to the students...
...To develop their intellectual depth in the functions of command and related duties...
...G-2 Field Trip...
...COURSE: 0-27, Combat Arms Officer Basic...
...Economic Development...
...Fundamentals of Electronics...
...SCOPE: Fundamental Subjects...
...PURPOSE: To prepare students for duty as commanders and unit staff officers at battalion and brigade levels...
...24 weeks...
...Personnel...
...To teach the skills and provide the knowledge necessary for students to return to their units and conduct training in jungle operations...
...Maintenance...
...In addition, routine courses in communications, equipment maintenance and repairs were not included...
...Patrolling...
...and Latin American officers for future duty as commanders and general staff officers in their armed forces, the joint and combined aspects thereof, and internal defense and national development...
...Methods of Instruction...
...Training is a crucial element-in forging close relations with the militaries of other nations...
...Personnel...
...Mountaineering...
...SCOPE: General Intelligence Subjects...
...Weapons Familiarization...
...Physical Conditioning...
...Military Intelligence...
...Effective Writing and Speaking...
...Psychological Operations...
...As of October 1973 more than 170 graduates of USARSA were heads of governments, cabinet ministers, commanding generals or directors of intelligence in their countries...
...Radio Operations...
...The courses are taught for the most part by U.S...
...Engineer Operations...
...Map Reading...
...Mountaineering and Water Operations...
...regular $3...
...jurisdiction over the Canal, and will provide for Panama's participation in the administration, protection and defense of the waterway until the Canal reverts to Panama...
...These programs are important elements of the Nixon Doctrine, which seeks to reduce the U.S...
...34 students...
...SCOPE: General Intelligence Subjects...
...The new treaty will contain a fixed termination date for U.S...
...SCOPE: Map Reading...
...Counterinsurgency Operations...
...PURPOSE: To prepare officers to fulfill the responsibilities of combat intelligence and counterintelligence assignments...
...34 students...
...PREREQUISITES: Students must be enlisted men in grade of corporal or higher...
...Student Presentations and Guest Speakers...
...Map Reading...
...SCOPE: Military Leadership...
...Artillery Operations...
...counterinsurgency force for Latin America, including more than 12,000 Army, Air Force and Navy personnel, military training centers and a jungle warfare school, is located in the Zone...
...The Pentagon would also prefer not to bring these programs home to the U.S., since "There is no adequate' substitute for a command, being on the spot, working daily on U.S...
...Criminal Investigation...
...Records, Forms, and Resource Management...
...First Aid...
...Methods of Instruction...
...The Communist Threat...
...Guest Speakers...
...Armor, Artillery and Engineer Operations...
...SCOPE: General Communications...
...Published monthly by: NICH "d Non-Intervention in Chile Box 800 Berkeley, Ca...
...Chapter 10 provides extensive background on the Latin American military...
...None of the programs under the jurisdiction of SOUTHCOM will be affected...
...Often the same course is offered to officers, cadets and enlisted personnel, but we avoided repeating them in this listing...
...Southern Command figures...
...Armored Cavalry Operations...
...Classroom exercises in urban warfare courses range from the selection of labor union informers to methods of protecting leaders from assassination attempts, to the recovery and deactivation of explosive devices...
...It is beyond price to us to make such friends of such men...
...Counterinsurgency Operations...
...First Aid...
...Already one of the leaders of Chile's junta, General Gustavo Leigh, is urging the military governments in Latin America to form a league for self-help and consultation, to respond to these movements...
...military presence abroad while strengthening armies in the Third World...
...Counterinsurgency Operations...
...Signal Communications...
...Almost the entire U.S...
...COURSE: 0-20, Communications Officer...
...Psychological Operations...
...Tactical Doctrine...
...PREREQUISITES: Students must be officers, warrant officers, senior noncommissioned officers, or civilian equivalents whose assignments are or will be as supervisors or managers of criminal investigation activities, police staff advisors, or instructors...
...Airmobile Operations...
...Supply...
...Anti-Tank Weapons...
...Physical Conditioning...
...Leadership...
...SCOPE: Theory, Tactics, and Equipment for Counterinsurgency in Urban Areas...
...Subscriptions: sustaining $10...
...On his recent whirlwind visit to Panama in February, Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and Panama's Foreign Minister Juan Tack signed an eight point agreement of principles providing for the eventual restoration of Panama's territorial sovereignty over the Canal and the 550-square mile zone surrounding it...
...150 students...
...Maintenance of Engineer Equipment...
...PURPOSE: To train cadets as small unit leaders assigned counterinsurgency missions...
...PURPOSE: To provide students with a general knowledge of the fundamentals of management encompassing the principles and fundamentals of organization and management and development economics...
...Quartermaster Functions...
...Methods of Instruction...
...Machine Guns...
...Tropical Survival Training...
...To train them for specialized assignments as Provost Marshal advisors and Criminal Investigation instructors...
...Employees...
...9 weeks...
...SCOPE: Map Reading...
...PURPOSE: To provide junior officers with a knowledge of basic field engineering, equipment utilization, and maintenance...
...Even though this agreement indicates that some progress has been made in the long-stalemated negotiations over the Canal, it is significant that Kissinger carefully skirted the issue of continued U.S...
...to provide professional military education comparable to that of the U.S...
...COURSE: 0-23, Engineer Officer Basic...
...Basic and Macro-economics...
...ENLISTED COURSES COURSE: E-11, Military Police NCO...
...Psychological Operations...
...is forced to rely on the military as the only solution left to contain resistance...
...However, in an interview, a Pentagon spokesman said that the only actual change being contemplated is the partial withdrawal of Army units from the Command...
...Mountaineering and Water Operations...
...U.S...
...Model Resource Management System...
...Civic Action...
...Counterintelligence Investigations...
...Irregular Warfare Operations...
...18 weeks...
...Engineer Equipment Use...
...SCOPE: Maintenance...
...Methods of Instruction...
...According to this agreement, a new treaty will be negotiated that supercedes the one signed in 1903, which gave the United States control of the Canal "in perpetuity...
...40 students...
...Quotations in this article taken from War Without End, by Michael T. Klare (Vintage Books, New York, 1972...
...In fiscal 1971, $10 million or 62 percent of the Pentagon's grant aid program was devoted to this purpose...
...Combat Intelligence Specialties...
...Police Activities...
...Utilization of Investigative Aids...
...Methods of Instruction...
...On February 7, the New York Times reported that SOUTHCOM was one of seven military headquarters slated to be shut down by 1975...
...34 students...
...Division Operations...
...Maintenance...
...Communications...
...Army School of the Americas (USARSA) and the Inter-American Air Force Academy since they were founded in the 1940s...
...military activities in the Canal Zone, but whether the U.S...
...SCOPE: General Military Subjects and Management...
...Supply...
...First Aid...
...Army School of the Americas...
...COURSE: 0-6, Counterinsurgency Operations...
...PURPOSE: To train students in military police skills and to prepare them to organize, instruct, and supervise military police personnel in support of military operations...
...SCOPE: Jungle Operations...
...Patrolling...
...They are the coming leaders, the men who will have the know-how and impart it to their forces...
...First Aid...
...Newsweek 9/24/73)25 local commanders screen applicants from the various countries...
...Communist Threat...
...Representatives of U.S...
...Army doctrine and techniques in the field of small unit tactics and support services, and to provide a general knowledge of weapons and equipment used by the U.S...
...Intelligence...
...In a period of intense nationalist feelings, no government could so visibly compromise its integrity...
...forces throughout Latin America...
...The U.S...
...Machine Guns...
...Maintenance...
...SCOPE: General Criminal Investigation Detachment Subjects...
...Basic Airborne Training...
...Wire Communications...
...Mountaineering...
...Principles of Organization...
...5 weeks...
...Radio Equipment...
...Application of Military Management...
...COURSE: 0E-13, Criminal Investigation Supervisor...
...ARMY SCHOOL OF THE AMERICAS The U.S...
...Seminars...
...3 weeks...
...Fixed Bridges...
...Tools and Rigging...
...COURSE: 0-37, Officer Command/Branch Orientation...
...Joint and Combined Operations...
...Southern Command (SOUTHCOM), which coordinates all U.S...
...The following document is a selected course curriculum for the U.S...
...Army doctrine and techniques in counterinsurgency and jungle operations...
...Combat Counterintelligence...
...But under the Nixon Administration, U.S...
...First Aid...
...Rope Bridges...
...Seminar...
...12 weeks...
...Students 565 2,679 340 1,261 2,105 1,193 291 804 2,378 775 1,366 50 1,726 240 4,119 2,472 844 1,907 647 2,846 29,328 * U.S...
...Order of Battle...
...Traffic Control...
...PREREQUISITES: Company grade officers assigned or expecting assignments to intelligence agencies within their countries...
...Army doctrine and ideology...
...PURPOSE: To train officers in military communication skills which will prepare them to advise their commanders in the tactical organization, planning, and employment of signal radio, wire, messenger, and audio visual equipment from27 platoon to brigade level...
...PURPOSE: To train students to perform duties as members of units operating in a jungle environment...
...Internal Defense-Military Assistance...
...Police Activities...
...Mountaineering and Water Operations...
...Staff Fundamentals...
...Chemical and Radiological Defense...
...military relations with Latin America...
...34 students...
...Omar Torrijos, president of Panama's nationalist military government has repeatedly called for the removal of U.S...
...Methods of Instruction...
...to develop their intellectual depth and analytical ability...
...In fulfilling this mission, Green Berets trained the Bolivian Rangers who tracked down and killed Che Guevara and other members of the National Liberation Army in 1967...
...Air Operations...
...Amphibious Operations...
...SCOPE: Management Fundamentals...
...PURPOSE: To prepare students to serve in a supervisory capacity in combat intelligence or counterintelligence assignments...
...Mortars...
...The high priority given to training activities was highlighted by Defense Secretary Robert McNamara more than a decade ago...
...To develop an awareness of the differences between rural and urban insurgency...
...PURPOSE: To provide students with an internal security operations orientation...
...Map Reading...
...Map Reading...
...4 weeks...
...Signal Communications...
...Civil Disturbances...
...16 weeks...
...Also includes information on activities of the U.S...
...USARSO Tour...
...Special courses on the role of Military Police in counterinsurgency operations are attended by police officers under the auspices of the Agency for International Development...
...VIP Security...
...Combat Intelligence...
...To train the students as intelligence instructors...
...Engineer...
...SCOPE: Map Reading...
...COURSE: 0-3, Command and General Staff...
...COURSE: E-16, Military Intelligence Noncommissioned Officer...
...PURPOSE: To prepare students to serve as military intelligence interrogators and to develop basic related skills in Order of Battle and counterintelligence...
...To qualify students as military parachutists...
...Army doctrine and tactics for small unit operations and to provide a general knowledge of U.S...
...Remaining will be 1,100 members of the Eighth Special Forces (Green Berets) stationed at Fort Gulick, who travel throughout Latin America providing intensive counterinsurgency training programs for troops from nations friendly to the United States...
...The Communist Threat...
...Military Security...
...5 weeks...
...COURSE: C-4, Counterinsurgency Operation for Cadets...
...Artillery Operations...
...Company Tactics...
...Staff Fundamentals...
...Signal Communications...
...40 weeks...
...Management...
...Tours and Orientations...
...Company Tactics...
...Communism...
...Thus far, negotiations between the United States and Panama have not resolved the problem of U.S...
...COURSE: 0-4, Internal Development/Civic Action...
...Map Reading...
...34 students...
...34 students...
...The Canal Zone is also the training ground for thousands of Latin American military personnel...
...SCOPE: Map Reading...
...Civic Action...
...Logistics and Maintenance Management...
...interests in all of Latin America...
...PURPOSE: To train company grade officers as commanders of units assigned in internal defense and development, guerrilla warfare, psychological operations, civic action, intelligence, and airborne and jungle techniques as applied to counterinsurgency operations...
...COURSE: 0-7, Urban Counterinsurgency...
...To introduce the students to the latest U.S...
...Country Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Haiti Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Uruguay Venezuela Total No...
...Combat Counterintelligence...
...Military Civic Action Planning...
...Methods of Instruction...
...10 weeks...
...Effective Writing and Speaking...
...Methods of Instruction...
...and international solidarity committees...
...PURPOSE: To present students with an orientation on U.S...
...First Aid...
...CADET COURSES COURSE: C-1, Basic Officer Qualification...
...military presence in the Zone...
...Patrolling...
...60 students...
...10 weeks...
...Methods of Instruction...
...Engineer Operations...
...The emphasis of these programs is on "low-cost, low-visibility assistance and training programs designed to upgrade the capacity of local forces to overcome guerrilla movements...
...More than 40,000 students have graduated from the U.S...
...10 weeks...
...PURPOSE: To train students as small unit leaders assigned counterinsurgency missions...
...Small Arms and Grenades...
...Military Police Activities...
...PANAMA 22-1300 USARSA CATALOG OFFICER/WARRANT OFFICER COURSES COURSE: 0-1, Combat Arms Command and Unit Staff Officer...
...SCOPE: Social, Economic, and Political Development...
...Anti-tank Weapons...
...Map Reading...
...Jungle Welfare Operations...
...Despite requests by Panama's government to remove SOUTHCOM from the Canal Zone, Gov...
...Counterinsurgency Operations...
...PURPOSE: To familiarize students with social, political and economic aspects of a military civic action and internal development program, and to discuss current Latin American civic action programs, accomplishments, and problem areas in a Civic Action Seminar...
...9470126 UNITED STATES SOUTHERN COMMAND QUARRY HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE TELEPHONES 824255 or 82-4278 C.Z...
...military groups, military attaches and U.S...
...military assistance programs, and maintains a communications and logistics network for U.S...
...Electives...
...30 students...
...They were the director of intelligence and the commanding officers of the Second Infantry Division and the Support Division at Santiago, the Third Infantry Division at Concepcion, the Engineer School at Tejas Verdes and the Paratroop and Special Forces School near Santiago...
...PREREQUISITES: Enlisted personnel with at least an elementary school education and the ability to express himself verbally and in writing...
...These students are hand-picked by their countries to become instructors when they return home...
...COURSE: C-6, Internal Security Operations...
...Members of Chile's military junta and the Chilean director of intelligence are all graduates of the school (See box...
...military installations as part of any agreement with the United States insisting that "the Americans have to pull out with their colonial tent...
...Effective Writing and Speaking...
Vol. 8 • March 1974 • No. 3
