United States Information Agency: Pushing the Big Lie
Grybaum, Gail
I am hopeful that with the massive development of communications we shall be able to live in a world where free access to the minds of people everywhere will enable us to achieve our goals...
...Frank Shakespeare, Director of the USIA A small sign on an office building on 18th St...
...The Digest, founded in 1922 by DeWitt Wallace (a staunch Nixon supporter and frequent guest at White House social functions), is today published in fourteen languages and distributed in over 100 countries...
...Among other charges made against us by countries is the big corporations run the country, and that the participation of the ordinary people, that is our professions of democracy are attacked, and that isn't really a democracy...
...The Agency is rarely in the news except during an appropriations hearing or when an overseas center or library is the target of a demonstration or bomb...
...Emphasis ours...
...to General Counsel (42-46) Cohn & Marks - Law Partner (46-65...
...One of the reasons I think it is important for us to do the printing is because we are saving the U.S...
...Santiago del Estero...
...policy at home and abroad to the audience...
...Talca...
...7 2 Bruce Herschsohn, the ex-head of the USIA Motion Picture Division who recently resigned in protest over what he called Fulbright's "simplistic, naive and stupid" view of foreign affairs, extolled the value of the USIA for the United States: No propagandist--and that is what I believe we are--can scientifically evaluate the success of his product in terms of what it does, collectively or individually, to a man's mind...
...propaganda...
...Barrikade-- a review of the ten year history of the Berlin Wall with the implication, in Frank Shakespeare's words, "that the Communists have to lock up their people...
...Many people in the Third World see the BNC's and reading rooms as headquarters for U.S...
...psychological warfare operations...
...overseas libraries and propaganda distribution...
...14, 1964 Dec...
...The military have taken it over...
...Some polls deal primarily with "economic" issues in the host nation as these examples from Latin America show: 3 8 OPINION RESEARCH FUNDED BY THE AGENCY IN FISCAL YEAR 1972 REA/country TiUt Contractor Latin America: Clombla...
...Eisenhower - (57-61) Dept...
...They were working more with the Lao military...
...ParA y...
...Panama: Panama City...
...Ibid., pp...
...The major Lao and Chinese language daily newspapers here have already run frontpage stories about the posbility of floods In North Vietnam, using the 1971 photos supplied by the U.S...
...It included, among other things: articles on population control, distributed in the Dominican Republic...
...The publisher also sold copies of the book in the United States, under the title, Caribbean Crisis: Subversion Fails in the Dominican Republic.'Novhere in the book does it mention that the book was originally produced for the USIA...
...900 Verhum . . Lima FeU...
...Experiences during World War I had an important impact on attitudes toward psychological warfare...
...The VOA has always passed itself off as an instrument of education, information and culture...
...Theoretically this stipulation protects the American public from being propagandized at its own expense, by forbidding the USIA to peddle its products on the home front...
...This event marked the first time a Latin American government permitted an outright takeover, "an unsettling precedent for the BNC's operating in every Latin American country except Cuba...
...Wilson Riles-- a film on the black superintendent of the California School System, which attempts to show how black people are gaining power through legitimate channels...
...Guadalajara...
...Cunritiba...
...Its film audience is estimated at more than 900 million a year, since more than 2000 televig on stations in 97 countries use USIA programs...
...military personnel...
...Quito...
...It should come as no surprise that in their broadcasts to Latin America, the VOA makes extensivgouse of gusanos, (anti-Castro Cuban exiles...
...In a series of disclosures initiated by Ramparts magazine, it was revealed in 1967 that they secretly received funds from the Central Intelligence Agency...
...Broadcast Advertising Bureau - Dir...
...San Francisco...
...FlortanopoUs...
...Belo Horizonte Blumenau...
...in the cold war "these operations are directed toward friendly and neutral as well as enemy countries...
...222...
...Prof...
...Ibid...
...Government money...
...The New York Times, June 13, 1972...
...They don't need us since the network service is so complete...
...That is what some of the opponents say, isn't it...
...do 2 000 7668 Notceiro Hondurenos...
...SFRC, pl 333...
...The New York Times, August 5, 1969...
...Their texts can be obtained from the U.S...
...SFRC, p. 172...
...Newsweek, May 15, 1972...
...Sanz de Santamaria and Undersecretary of State Irwin...
...The pamphlets were attributed to the Texaco and Gulf corporations, although they had been produced (if not written) by the USIA...
...SFRC, p. 52-53...
...Ibid., p. 321...
...In its effort to manipulate world opinion and sell the image of the United States, the USIA has helped foreign correspondents cover stories concerning the U.S...
...The USIA, along with other agencies, complied...
...Elder, p. cit., p. XI...
...Ibid., p. 181...
...In the end, it has a negative effect...
...Asked about the Agency's concept of "truth," Giddens explained that essentially whatever a government official said, was seen as the truth...
...5 2 Subsequent books subsidized for external use by the Agency and later sold inside the United States, but never attributed to USIA, include: Terror in Vietnam (D...
...3000 .791 Actualites...
...The USIA Assistant Director for Asia and the Pacific told the Senate Foreign Relations Committee during the March 1972 hearings: We have provided the GVN [Government of Vietnam] with a television system -- a four station, interlocking network which covers 65 percent of the country...
...Senators Smith and Mundt toured Europe in 1947 and reported that the Communists were "conducting n aggressive psychological warfare against us...
...USIA: They are doing psychological operations in Laos...
...Whenever a USIA post has cooperated with a particular American company, it was to promote such more general aims, not to advertise the company's commercial interests...
...A graduate of the U.S...
...Is that not correct...
...positions...
...The USIA was recently requested to submit to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee a list of materials that it produced but that it had not openly authored...
...The Los Angeles Times, January 3, 1972...
...Staff Writer (50-61) State Dept...
...Co-Vice Chmn...
...James Aronson, The Press and the Cold War (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrillj 1970), p. 51...
...6 1 The facilities that the VOA builds, while fulfilling America's propaganda needs, are also used for the propaganda programs of those countries, many of which are known for their repressive and totalitarian regimes...
...Londrina...
...26-28) Pathe Exchange, Inc...
...This material consists of news releases, official statements and feature stories that give out the "correct" U.S...
...The USIA acknowledges that it is also assisting the Ministry of Information in its relations with the foreign press...
...6 Between the two wars, the United States officially did little systematic work to mold world opinion...
...3 3 Another example of USIA cooperation with private corporations is its activities in Mexico with Proctor & Gamble...
...Like Gallup, Stanton is also a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.-5USIA Directors THEODORE C. STREIBERT (1953-56) Harvard Business Schl.- Asst...
...San Luis Potosi...
...The USIA paid Doubleday 20 cents a copy...
...5) Norman Gelb/4PM...
...3) Louise Kelleher reviews status of Chilean debt discussions...
...In 1969, the Agency began to emphasize the production of television films rther than regular full-length movies...
...Asst...
...Monterrey...
...A major regulation was that the Agency should not disseminate any of its material domestically...
...Regular TV series programs are prepared in Washington USIA offices for Japan, Nigeria, Thailand and all of Latin America, though- 17 - "most of the USIA programs are not identified as such in the 97 countries in which they are shown...
...USIA posts throughout the world were instructed to encourage visits by foreign correspondents to Vietnam...
...The Agency revealed to the SFRC that in each country where the U.S...
...60-66) State Dept...
...FRANK STANTON As president of the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), Stanton brings the expertise of television to the USIA...
...2) Opinion 3/20 #l--Nixon busing...
...1) Russ Splane on Cuban economy...
...55 When the Senate Foreign Relations Committee recommended that the USIA funds be cut, it attached an amendment requesting that all USIA propaganda be attributed to the Agency...
...In most of these things there is no U.S...
...Recife...
...6 2 Radio Free Europe & Radio Liberty: Air Wave Imperialism Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty are NOT part of the Voice of America or USIA operations...
...However, when Shakespeare--a known right-winger-entered the USIA in 1969, he chose Loomis as his deputy director...
...Newsweek, May 15, 972...
...Is that right...
...while the Agency is always willing to cite their rigin if asked, it does not wish to specifically stimulate publicity about the attribution...
...By June 1972, JUSPAO was supposed to revert to a "normal" USIS cultural and information program...
...Exceptions have been made in recent years, however, and in April 1972, despite congressional objections, Senator James Buckley, the conservative New York Republican, showed a USIA propaganda film about the 1968 Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia on his television show...
...USIA: They are not attributed to the U.S...
...Caracas...
...The rationale for this policy, which has been in effect since 1963, is the supposed "danger" that the polls might become "political footballs" in domestic politics, especially during U.S...
...Shakespeare: No Sir...
...Trjillo...
...As the Agency explains it, The opportunity to establish and maintain communications with this sector of Latin American society is exceedingly important to us, since it is this group which is likely to form the core of the host country's leadership in the succeeding 10 to 20 years...
...The Baltimore Sun, June 22, 1968...
...Responding to world-wide interest in the Angela Davis case, for example, the USIA distributed information about her situation, seen from the point of view of her prosecutors, while at the same time attempting to convince the world that blacks are gaining political power "within the system," to portray her trial as an example of democracy at work, and to counter claims (particularly in Soviet and Eastern European media) that she was on trial for being a black woman Communist...
...to help achieve U.S...
...Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., or from the specific committee in Congress conducting the hearings...
...We were working more vith the Minister of Information...
...Camptnaa: Caxias do ul...
...The twenty-member all-white task force assigned to handle propaganda about Angela's case sent out a 16-page legal analysis of it, as well as instructions on how the story should be handled...
...Vieoa...
...In Cambodia, the USIA is helping the Ministry of Information construct two radio transmitters financd by the U.S...
...7, November, 1969...
...Newsweek described the film: It proved such an embarassment in its few public showings abroad that it was withdrawn from circulation and awarded the oblivion it so richly deserved...
...Dispensing this kind of information is not the USIA's job...
...li, .0~g~ ~4-0 B p. 4 -~ 4...
...In March, 1972, the USIA asked the SFRC for $200 million to fund its global operations...
...37 This goal is implemented through research surveys that are directed by the Agency...
...The United States Information Agency and American Foreign Policy.(Syracuse: Syracuse s University Press, 1968), pp...
...shows Spiro on his eleven nation Asian tour, as a friend of education and foe of racism...
...4 3 In Bolivia during the progressive Torres government of late 1970 and early 1971, four USIS offices and five BNC's were assaulted by students and workers...
...Interspersed with comments from people along the sidelines who support Nixon's Vietnam stand, it emphasizes the importance of the "silent citizens...
...The Chairman: Many of the things USIA is doing for this 7th Psychological Operations Group is the sort of things USIA would do in other countries...
...Communications Conferences (since 48) Legal Representative for Lyndon B. Johnson's Texas broadcast interests Democrats for Nixon Comm...
...Ibid...
...Fine, we say, Senator Brooke and Thurgood Marshall are getting ahead...
...Of these, 100 are located in 19 Latin American nations...
...Yet, in the recent hearings, Fulbright compelled VOA Director Giddens to make certain admissions about its operations: The Chairman: Before I go on...I want to complete what your concept is of what we are doing and if it is in our interest to educate the world and to bring them fine things...
...The agency...
...393, 394...
...3 0 USIA and the Yanqui Dollar In addition to its paramilitary activities, the USIA attempts to create conditions conducive to U.S...
...This concept does not take into account the social and economic conditions of the underdeveloped world, which have been repeatedly ignored even by reformist governments...
...government, and as such, attempts to explain U positions to the world...
...Sect...
...Trustee Columbia Broadcast System (CBS)- (35-61) Dir...
...45-47) Council on Foreign Relations - Member Procter & Gamble - Salesman (47-48) WOR-TV, N.Y...
...Piura...
...Cordoba...
...2. "The Imperial Team/Latin America," The NACLA NEWSLETTER, Vol...
...Communications Comn...
...a Pz . Bolva...
...Chillan...
...Pareira...
...But no matter how worthwhile-or meaningless-the issue...
...Each USIS post has a lending library which makes films available free -- with operator and projector if necessary -- to any group requesting them...
...Guayaqul...
...BrutMexico...
...000 5. 86 1.0O El Corro Grafico...
...It is distributed free of charge...
...Leading representatives of the Mexican communications industry, government and scientific communities came with USIA escorts as guests of the U.S...
...ana...
...government to coopt, and if necessary repress, the growing demand for autonomy and self-determination throughout the world...
...yes sir...
...Giddens: To explain it and promote it...
...Uruguay: Montevideo...
...Santo Domingo...
...Conf...
...The comic is representative of attempts by the U.S...
...With this inspiration, they then returned to Mexico to tell their people that the filth that Proctor & Gamble was creating in Mexico was being cleaned up by this exemplary company with its new "anti- pollution technology...
...counter-insurgency think tanks-- the Rand Corporation and the Stanford Research Institute...
...then when you get down to persuade, as we attempt to do through our commentaries, then you have created a frame of reference and trust in which we hope that they respond affirmatively, and I think we have created many, many friends for this Nation that way, and people understand us...
...A primary aim in Colombia is to "Alert Colombians to the dangers of Communist solutions to national problems...
...Valparaiso...
...Buenos Aires .. .. Arlentina .. Bimothly...
...SFRC, p 291...
...Congressmen began to urge a U.S...
...Newsweek, May 15, 1972...
...The USIS staffs make these materials available to local editors, who decide whether or not to use the USIA by-line...
...650,000 Laotian flags...
...Dir...
...Jujuy: Mendoza...
...Vietnam!-- film produced at the cost of a quarter of a million dollars, directed by John Ford which purports to justify U.S...
...in its first year, Congress expressed disapproval and curtailed funds for those programs...
...San Jose...
...actions in the host country...
...Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y.-3 war relic...
...Ro de Janeiro...
...USIA subsequently relinquished these activities to the Psychological Operations Group of the U.S...
...Vlitoria...
...The JUSPAO mission was to win the hearts and minds of the Vietnamese people to sustain American support for the war by favorably influencing newsmen, to gather intelligence about enemy psychological warfare tactics and to undermine enemy morale...
...Dir...
...Van Nostrand) by Jay Mallin...
...are they all attributed to MACV or how do they appear...
...The Washington Post, August 14, 1972...
...Dominican Republc...
...for Public Affairs (61-63) Ambassador to Finland (63-64) Chicago Daily News, Publs.-Hall Syndicate - Columnist (65- ) LEONARD H. MARKS (1965-69) National Univ...
...Ibid., p. 334...
...Golanla...
...Panel after panel entices the reader to identify with Jose (who looks conspicuously like a Peace Corps volunteer) and to accept the Agency's conclusions...
...Contrary to the public image of the "independent" Fulbright program, that program is administered by USIS officers...
...Quito...
...They can pay for their own pamphlets...
...The BiNational Centers (BNC) provide English language courses, maintain libraries (often the only and most complete in town) stocked with U.S...
...SFRC, P. 328...
...Did they step into your shoes...
...Problems of Communism...
...JAMES MICHENER One of the United States' most prolific authors (Bridges at Toko Ri, Iberia, Hawaii, and The Source, among others), Michener has traveled extensively and brings to the USIA Advisory Commission a familiarity with various cultures around the world...
...Below is a random sample of programming for Latin America, one hour prime time on March 20, 1972, from 8:00 to 9:00 in the evening: 8 p.m...
...Overseas activity increased and in 1942 the OWI produced the first Voice of America (VOA) broadcasts...
...In the past, the Agency received its funding along with other government agencies during annual congressional appropriations hearings...
...Honduras: San Pedro Sula: Tegucigalpa...
...are marked by walls of guards, guns and terror...
...By the end of World War II, Americans were deep in8o the business of international "persuasion...
...In 1941 this became the office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs (CIAA) and throughout World War II, it handled U.S...
...multi-national corporations and their foreign policy...
...7 / September 1972 (formerly NACLA NEWSLETTER) Published monthly, except May-June and July-August, when it is published bi-monthly at 160 Claremont Ave., New York, N.Y...
...What I said was that we have changed totally the policy in Laos...27 * * * Later in the session, the USIA noted that it has printing presses in Manila (Philippines), which print items for other U.S...
...2) It encourages foreign publishers to publish works from the United States...
...Bogota Opinon lrmbia...
...A list was submitted in classified form...
...The largest circulation of any paper in Laos was 3,300...
...Merida...
...4. Charles Windle and T.R...
...It broadcasts 800 hours a week in 36 languages...
...Many of the stories coming out of the publications division carry the message that U.S...
...63 Film -- whether on the silver screen, television or in a back room-- is one of the most powerful media for generating North American values and undercutting indigenous or traditional ones...
...The Digest's conservative and anti-communist editorial policy makes it one of the most widely distributed publications at the Agency's BiNational Centers around the globe...
...III, No...
...W. Hazard...
...SFRC, p. 48 -- emphasis ours...
...imperial message...
...The New York Times, November 20, 1966, and Newsweek May 15, 1972...
...Radio Free Europe focuses on Eastern Europe and Radio Liberty on the Soviet Union...
...At the Agency's request, he contacted Doubleday and Company in New York to publish his book on the Dominican Republic...
...3 1 Agency officials explain that the programs abroad that deal with American investment treat only the broad subject, pointing out the benefits to the country invested in, and seeking to debunk stereotyped ideas of foreign investment as purely exploitative and beneficial to the investing country alone...
...of HEW - Consultant (63-65, 70-71) Pres.' Council of Economic Advisors - (68) Duke Univ...
...Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972, p. 10...
...We are acting on behalf of the State Department and the entire executive branch in the information field in Vietnam...
...The Dutch correspondent wanted to include in the narration the statement: "that despite the hope that Ellis Island meant for most, it had also been used for political deportations...
...as "guidance" for news stories or editorials, suggesting that any flooding that may occur in North Vietnam this year will be a result of Hanoi's failure to adequately repair dikes weakened by the 1971 floods...
...I am hopeful that with the massive development of communications we shall be able to live in a world where free access to the minds of people everywhere will enable us to achieve our goals through competition in thoughts rather than in armaments and power pressures...
...NORLOP...
...Veracruz...
...In addition to "advising" the Vietnamese on content for newspapers and radio shows, running field propaganda activities with Vietnamese officials,- 7and producing leaflets for airdrops, over 5 1/2 billion leaflets in 1967 - 180 for every man, woman and child of North and South Vietnam...
...Cuenca...
...A recent (fairly typical) Agency memo regarding the 10th anniversary of the Berlin Wall directed all field offices to design programs whose message -6should be that Communist societies inevitably turn into prisons where men daily risk their lives in an effort to flee to freedom...
...Advisory Commission on Information was created...
...VOA broadcasts are brought to listeners around the world by a network of 123 powerful transmitters -- 47 are located in the United States: in Bethany, Ohio...
...Dean (29-33) Cinema Credits Corp...
...Senator Fulbright questioned a USIA official as to why the Agency conducted advertising for such large companies that can well afford their own...
...An important aspect of the USIA publications program is the distribution of books which mobilize support for U.S...
...4) 0 4) .0 0c A - a -a 5t 4)X A9 R o < C R0 4 Cd t! w Ib 9 440, 4 g P4 'a E oW t1 4. r.5) ir 1 4 4 4. ) @4 .4 4) @4 4) .0 ': v 8 S 4) 5 I 0 w f 0 Qc 0 0 84 54 ' 0 ,0 .. 2@ 80o880o008000 " ae~-f~~o I I ',,,, B O; | I i : C |''' I I Wo u, I I I 'III I I I I ,, ,l ' I J . g .. ', ' ' I I P Rg I I i I I d i Yw I I oa I I ' s o o Y , ,, , ,, ,, i ' ' ' o m bf I mmm @ mmmmmmmmm >t mmmmmmmmmmm~ c, PPPPPPP - 29 - i ft i s0 1 $2...
...The Baltimore Sun, September 22, 1968...
...But when we know that we have communicated our foreign policy objectives--when we know that we have indeed shown some balance, however small--when we know we have put on thousands of screens throughout the world why we feel proud to be Americans--then we hope we have provided a service to our country...
...Government...
...The Agency believes this would diminish its propaganda value...
...Communist borders everywhere -- Czechoslovakia, Austria, Red China, Hong Kong, the waters surrounding Cuba, etc...
...USIA: Sir, I only know that we do provide the printing for them...
...A prime market is South Vietnam...
...1 5 The principal USIS officer in the country was given command of all Americans, civilian and military, engaged in psychological warfare and propaganda...
...Advisory Commission HOBART LEWIS As president of Reader's Digest since 1965, Lewis reigns over a publishing fiefdom whose geographic reach is similar to the USIA's...
...The Psychological Strategy Board was created in 1951 during the Korean War...
...Fortaleza...
...Mexico City...
...10t 000 13 672 10 000 Saber .. RSC Mexico...
...USIA Says Floods Will Be Hanoi's Fault special 10o he waslIngton Poet VIENTIANE...
...Rosario...
...INESE...
...The list was later declassified...
...Bmonthly...
...NACLA'S LATIN AMERICA & EMPIRE REPORT Vol...
...Vietnam...
...The broadcast caused such II I I cc---X I I I II i I i I I I - --- --- I-4 THE MIND-BENDERS The USIA's highly developed art of psycho-warfare, utilized to convince the Third World of the "benevolence" of the U.S...
...RSC Meco...
...In response to a question about whether the VOA is building facilities for other countries' propaganda programs, the VOA spokesman answered: In almost every country, in one form or another, we aid and support their broadcasting facilities...
...In recent years, however, the USIA's role as a propaganda agency of the U.S...
...USIA shorts are often shown in theaters along with regular feature movies...
...Bogota...
...Belligerently simple-minded, necrophiliac in its frequent close-ups of bloated corpses and mutilated children, the film subtly blames the Democrats for our involvement in Vietnam and makes the anti-war movement look like a pack of craven imbeciles...
...of Talks & Education - (35-37) European Dir...
...ef : s e: 9 fa r a be A P g: b, _ es R v m 0 4 I- 30 - Many people have shown interest in researching particular agencies in the U.S...
...foreign investment in the Third World...
...fore the monsoon season in North Vietnam even starts...
...We were doing that when I came into office...
...The same USIA officers who direct the libraries and centers, carry out the educational and cultural exchange programs of the State Department...
...The emphasis is selective, geared toward reaching key government people and "multipliers" of opinion--the press, students, teachers--with information and journalistic "services" such as background briefings, press kits and speech texts...
...Ibid., p. 168...
...19, #2, February...
...Army MACV or 7th Psyops in Okinawa -- each leaflet has only an ID serial number...
...an English tourist guide, attributed to a local taxi union in Ecuador...
...Director Streibert was president and director of the Radio Free Europe Fund which is a cover for the CIA-financed and directed propaganda operations against Eastern Europe...
...The Order called for the USIA to lend appropriate support in psychological warfare to the military command in the theatre of active military operations and provide daily guidance and basic information materials...
...In a melodramatic ending, Nixon pronounces, "the loudest sound is not the only one which should be listened to...
...Emphasis ours...
...A proposed film on university life in America was turned down because, as an Agency official said, "we would have to show student dissent, and that tarnishes our image...
...Government has become increasingly controversial...
...books, read publications, listen to the Voice of America, learn English, hear lectures and see Agency-produced films...
...The message is that black political power, obtained through "legitimate channels," is a possible alternative to revolutionary solutions...
...Twenty-one hours of programming in Portuguese are also directed at Latin America...
...Giddens: This is a very powerful in-- 15 - strument because this gives them a picture ot America, American life, what it thinks, and all that type of thing...
...In the nineteen Latin American countries where the Agency operates, this theme receives particular emphasis...
...prlne in Colombia...
...Asst...
...Marathon, Florida...
...60-62) Free Europe Comm...
...2 9-9The USIA does not cooperate with the U.S...
...The Washington Post, October 19, 1970...
...10.000 9, 00 1 .. Gua.s...
...Utilca rrrJ.- 14 - own language, called double double-talk...
...44-45) Cornell Law School - Assoc...
...When the OWI emphasized news output in the U.S...
...Inshtuto IPSA...
...1 1 IDEOLOGY From its inception, the USIA and its programming have been marked by militant anti-communism...
...The VOA operates on a budget of over $50 million a year with a staff of more than 2,300 people working abroad and in the United States...
...The Americans said that they recognized that the psychological and political aspects of the war in Vietnam were nearly as important as the battles themselves...
...JUSPAO assistance to the Vietnamese Ministry of Information encompassed many projects...
...Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., p. 523...
...San Juan...
...USIA: They are very similar...
...or to Box 226, Berkeley, California 94701...
...2 2 The USIA continues its involvement in war propaganda in Vietnam...
...Ibid., January 20, 1969...
...that is not what I said Senator...It may very well be and I would assume it has been stopped...
...Mx.co Investlgadores de Market- Ing Asoc , Buenos Aires...
...The SFRC hearings also showed that the Agency has worked with Latin American counterinsurgency teams...
...Rio...
...of Labor - (54-56) Special Assistant & Consultant to Pres...
...military in Vietnam and Laos in psychological warfare programs...
...A recent confidential memo from USIS in Oslo, Norway, thanked Washington for the "stream" of information,- 13 - saying it had "done a great deal to prevent the local media from being taken in by the distortions bng peddled by the far left, old and new...
...Dominican Republic: Santiago...
...Santos...
...La Paz . . Bohva Quartery . 4.500 15.110 4. 500 Dilogo...
...We have provided them with a radio network, and a four station network which covers 95 percent of the country...
...The Chairman: I mean it isn't cultural in its purpose...
...GEORGE GALLUP Once research director for one of the world's largest advertising agencies, Young & Rubicam, Gallup is now one of the leading surveyors of public opinion -- through his celebrated "Gallup Poll...
...6. Barrett, Military Review, op...
...The VOA is reported to reach about 59 million people a week...
...Under the Nixon administration...
...Secretary of State - (48-50) Ambassador to Yugoslavia - (50-53) Ambassador to India & Nepal - (53-55) Asst...
...D.C: Mathdida Stphenson...
...Peking and Peoples War by Major General Sam Griffith...
...Agency officials contacted Jay Mallin, the anti-communist correspondent who covered the Dominican Republic story for Time and had already written a book on Cuba...
...Dean Funes...
...Government agencies...
...Turrialba...
...15,May 1, 1972 (Washington, D.C: Indochina Resources Center...
...Mexico...
...For many of them the USIA has not been their only psycho-warfare effort...
...4 0 Art exhibits, concerts, talks, and seminars are all part of the USIA's arsenal of cultural imperialism, imported from Washington in the hope of not only grooming the future elites who are well versed in the American ideals of "democracy" and "economic development through private enterprise," but whose objective is also the prevention of the rise of future Fidel Castro's and leaders of the left...
...They provide information and "orientation" to foreign students before they leave for the United States...
...1 7 In 1969 JUSPAO had 700 employees in Vietnam...
...Publications The Americans consider their cultural centers abroad to be as important as their military bases, industrial plants and corporations...
...We know of instances when whole villages crowded around one TV set...
...Report to the Americas) 1) William McCrory/4PM...
...Korea, Worldwide En glsh,FrenchSponah, Quartedy...
...The New York Times, August 24, 1970...
...Occasionally a tourist wanders in to ask directions to the Lincoln Memorial or a question about taxes or social security...
...Spiro Agnew-- produced by John Wayne...
...Arntina, Brazil...
...Delegate to Int'l...
...During appropriation hearings for that year, the newly appointed director of USIA, Frank Shakespeare, said that the USIA television programs would be aimed at the underdeveloped countries of Latin America, Asia, Africa and the Middle East...
...We are doing nothing to aid and abet their internal or external information policies...
...Costa Ra .M . onthly 500 7098 500 Entoq ue Gerales...
...The "bookmobile" is pperated by beautiful girls to attract more male readers...
...Asuncion...
...military intervention was over, a top man from Washington USIA headquarters was in the Dominican Republic, with a task force of 20, running the local radio station, trying to justify the situation to enraged Latin Americans, and playing middle-i n with the American press covering the story...
...reads: "United States Information Agency: Telling America's Story to the World...
...Santa Cruz...
...Jus de o-ora...
...The official replied: USIA: Well sir, I don't think it was in terms of advertising...
...The head of the USIA abroad is part of the Ambassadors' Country Team...
...The SFRC hearings reveal the following: Publications in Laos Senator Symington: Back in October 1969, at a subcommittee hearing, counsel noted that we had a publication in Laos and asked how many copies were issued of this magazine and Mr...
...Worldwide...
...In 1971, for example, an American Military Assistanee Advisory Group advisor to the Colombian army asked the USIA to print 10,000 copies of a comic book which had been prepared by the Colombian army...
...Nearly all of the people in decision-making positions in the USIA (and the U.S...
...35 000 174,623 35...
...5. Robert E. Elder, The Information Machine...
...Instead of carrying daily news coverage, it features US government statements and White House communiques...
...The Chairman: This would look as if the Army under the psychological operation is doing for the Laotian Government the same kind of public relations work that the USIA had said it had quit doing...
...Valiance, "The Future of Military Psychology," American Psychologist, Vol...
...which functions here as in other countries overseas as the U.S...
...Ibid., p. 336...
...Senator Fulbright and other critics have attacked the USIA and particularly its Voice of America operations for being a "cold war relic...
...military only in Asia...
...On April 6, 1970, President Nixon further legitimized this newer role of the USIA through Executive Order 11522, assigning the Agency certain emergency functions...
...The Chairman:...you had ceased to do this sort of thing in Laos...
...VP (35-44) Pres...
...Some recent examples of USIA movies are: The Numbers Start With the River-- a documentary which portrays scenes and people from Middle America...
...they can be obtained simply upon written request...
...USIA: In the case of Laos, sir, they were doing some different things but at the same time as ours...
...It is interesting to note that Henry Loomis resigned in 1965 after being Director of the VOA for seven years, because of what he claimed were too many "outside controls" over the Voice...
...The essential difference between this wire service and others (like United Press International or Associated Press) is that the USIA service is the official outlet for the 4S...
...Counsel then said, "So this appears as a document or program sponsored by the Royal Laotian Government...
...The "commentaries" are usually editorials that justify U.S...
...VI, No...
...37-46) War Correspondent (39-45) Public Affairs - VP & Dir...
...SUBSCRIPTIONS: $6 per year for individuals ($11 for two years...
...Cartagena Cucuta...
...do...
...Government attribution...
...Radio Free Europe Fund - Pres...
...8. Howland H. Sargent, "American Information and Cultural Representation," in Vincent M. Barnett, ed., The Representation of the United States Abroad (New York: Praeger, 9. 10...
...and Greenville, North Carolina...
...54-57...
...The women in the Agency are primarily secretaries, administrative assistants and teachers...
...Ibid., p. 172-173...
...of Pittsburgh Law Sch.- Dean (53-54) Under Sec...
...Monthly...
...USIA officials "refused to assist him in making the film unless he deleted the segment...
...Information Agency is attempting to discredit charges expected from Hanoi later this year that American bombing of dikes was to blame for the anticipated flooding...
...He has contributed at least $12,000 to Nixon's 1972 re-election campaign and was also a major contributor in 1968...
...He quotes from 1966 Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearings, which reveal that the U.S...
...Marilia: Natal, Porto Alegre...
...1 2 During the recent hearings, Fulbright remarked that few people outside the Agency still believe in the old monolithic communist conspiratorial theory...
...41 m-, 0, C- 12 - The USIA puts out 36 regular periodicals in 29 languages...
...The New York Times, June 13, 1972...
...Ibid., March 24, 1967...
...BINATIONAL CENTERS The USIA maintains 127 Binational centers in 31 countries around the world...
...Euador .Monthly...
...Authors on the list included Ronald Reagan, William F. Buckley ( a former member of the USIA's Advisory Commission), Ayn Rand, Barry Goldwater, Max Rafferty, and other leading lights of the American right-wing...
...actions in Vietnam...
...image...
...NOTE: FROM HERE ON THIS SOURCE IS REFERRED TO AS SFRC (SENATE FOREIGN RELATIONS COMMITTEE...
...It also includes such tidbits as: "Not all come to protest...
...In response to Nazi economic penetration and propaganda in Latin America, the State Department established a Division of Cultural Relations directed at the Western Hemisphere in 1938...
...In June 1972 for example, Voice of America began broadcasting 13 hours a day to North Vietnam announcing the names of North Vietnamese prisoners of war, in an effort to undermine the fighting morale of people in the North...
...VP WTCN-TV & Radio, Minneapolis - Mgr...
...Seventy-six are located overseas: in Ceylon, South Vietnam, the Philippines, Morocco, Liberia, England, West Germany, Okinawa, Greece and Thailand...
...Asked why the list was classified, the USIA gave its position in its Girls Staff San Francisco Chronicle Bookmobe September 12, 1972 Bookmobile Books donatd by the United Stats Government are reaching villagers in the Central L u z o n provinces through a library on wheels...
...SFRC, p. 371...
...Many of the things we put out are not attributed, but everything we put out is attributable: Nothing that 54 we do would we deny doing...
...They play watchdog and decide what news the people are not hearing, what they should be hearing, and what a better interpretation of the news would be...
...In 1965 the USIA created the JUSPAO (Joint United States Public Affairs Office) with USIA and U.S...
...Aside from inserting USIA stories and ideas into the reading matter of foreign publics, USIA drafts members of the international press corps into the USIA propaganda team and commissions authors to write specific articles or books to fit the needs of the USIA...
...6 5 For the Latin American audiences, films are produced primarily in Washington, Brazil, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay...
...Why Vietnam (Praeger) by Frank Trager...
...invasion of the Dominican Republic...
...Government spokesmen currently claim that JUSPAO activities in Vietnam, like the war itself, are being "Vietnamized" through a program of phased withdrawal" by the United States from operations of the Vietnamese government...
...SFRC, pp...
...Asst...
...American war propaganda efforts in Vietnam have not ended with the demise of JUSPAO...
...By May 1971, 20,587 people had been killed under the Phoenix program...
...In Ecuador, the USIA produced and financed four pamphlets (15,000 copies) explaining the positive contributions of private investment in Ecuador's petroleum sector...
...A complaint was made to the USIA by a Dutch radio and television correspondent who made a film about New York's Ellis Island immigrant reception and alien detention center before it was closed...
...Law School - Prof...
...Tamuco...
...do 4 500 12.691 4.500 Nohas Laborales...
...SFRC, p. 278...
...The major theme is the importance of maintaining stability, and, that while change can be beneficial, it must be controlled from the top...
...58-65) WXIX, Milwaukee - Gen...
...Oleksiw stated his testimony in the fall of 1969...
...Manaus...
...Z0 0 8b2 A aa~ :s - I _ a b & 0S 0 . 0 Ba 0 a 0 0 ,; 2 4)-o ae 4) .0.R '@ 8B & 4)~ p .0 4)0 - .'4 r b~ 4) 4 .5 .5...
...69- ) Int'l...
...Few American know what the USIA is or does...
...USIA mobile motion-picture units may penetrate the back country to the end of the road, or occassionally a bit beyond, bringing an American message on the silver screen to thousands of rural dwellers at a single showing, many of whom have never visited their own country's capital city...
...Call...
...Especially in the Third World, it is becoming a coordinator of U.S...
...A Puntes...
...32 During the course of the March 1972 hearings, testimony revealed that the USIA does in fact advertise for particular companies...
...17 000 48 167 18...
...Of the 49 hours of Spanish broadcasts, seven hours a week are specifically beamed to Cuba...
...3,600 7.202 2.600 Portlal . Santo Domingo...
...Chaired by William H. Jackson, past deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency, the Board was subordinate to the National Security Council and was set up to unify U.S...
...Manezales...
...Their time is limited to, say, about six hours a day...
...Medellin...
...Brazil: Belem...
...Washington, D C...
...Account Exec...
...His expertise in the business of measuring and influencing public opinion is no doubt in great demand at the USIA, which is constantly trying to create a favorable public opinion abroad towards U.S...
...iost of the people who use the BNC's are young students and professionals from 16 to 35 years of age...
...57-58) CBS-TV (65-69) - in charge of TV foreign investments, worldwide distribution of TV programs and news services to foreign TV ( u...
...Policy Concerning Publication in Laos Senator Symington: You tell me, as I understand it, that this newspaper which we backed, and which had a circulation over 10 times greater than any other newspaper in Laos, has been stopped, right?Mr...
...1 6 This was an entirely new role for the USIA and a bothersome one to many, because of the implications and the possible effect on USIS operations elsewhere...
...He replaces National Review editor and conservative spokesman, William F. Buckley, as a member of the Advisory Commission...
...Information Machine at War: Southeast Asia USIA activities in Southeast Asia illustrate perhaps most clearly the Agency's involvement in psychological warfare with U.S...
...Research Corp Mexico Malkehng Mom...
...Address all mail to Box 57, Cathedral Station New York, N.Y...
...cit., p. 66...
...These are very wealthy companies and I don't quite see why the taxpayer ought to pick up the bill...
...Ibid., p. 183...
...Bethesda...
...Army 7th Psychological Operations Group had the following publications among others, printed at the Manilla press: nearly 300 million MACV (Military Assistance Command Vietnam) airdrop leaflets, serving as safe conduct passes for those who defected to the government side...
...In the countries where the Agency operates, the universal theme is the need for the host countries "to achieve an increasing understanding of the role of foreign investment...
...In 1917 the first propaganda service, the Creel Committee on Public Information 5 developed a high-pressure propaganda campaign which operated domestically and abroad...
...You really do cover the world pretty well...
...SC Meuico .. Hat...
...Psychological warfare' became a common term, as civilians using leaflets, loudspeakers and radio broadcasts worked in psycho-warfare units...
...After all, we gave them the TV station, I suppose we can expec 8 a fair amount of access to its air time...
...In most countries the Agency is the main source for textbooks, films and other materials the Fulbright students use when giving courses at local schools and universities.- 11 - The BNCs also serve as contact points where the USIA cultural affairs officers can identify the "best" possible participants for educational exchange programs...
...As a result, many items are not identified as having originated from the USIA, and appear as "objective" news...
...And What Should We Do About It...
...Honduras...
...IECOP, Quito Mdterranean Research Associates...
...American Negro Reference Book (Prentice-Hall) by John P. Davis...
...The Americans know that cultural domination affords to them power and glory throughout the world no less than economic or military domination...
...Many also say the restrictions have been tightened...
...throughout the article is deliberate...
...1965), p. 79...
...Government to Washington to discuss ecological problems...
...These officers often seek left-liberal potential leaders for these programs and arrange meetings between student leaders and American businessmen to "promote understanding" (read: undermine dissent) between the two groups...
...The Agency produces more than 1000 movies and television programs yearly...
...Villa Maria...
...USIA Origins The USIA is the heir to wartime military psychological activities...
...The filmmakers need only contact their local home USIA office, and--as the Agency said--"if we feel it is also in our national interest, we very often will allow him to use our studios in Washington and give him some facilitative assistance...
...This is what happened when the Agency wanted a book which would ustify the 1965 U.S...
...Bimonthly , 100 14 859...
...USIA spokesmen defended the Agency's right to protect the country from distortions, but denied that the policies amounted to censorship...
...7 3 "El Desengaino": The Deception Much of what has been described in this article is dramatically revealed in El Desengaio (The Deception), a comic book produced by the USIA in 1969...
...4 4 Press and ] The publications division of the USIA is the principal source of printed materials disseminated abroad by the Agency...
...A few years ago a ten page list was sent around to BNC's, instructing them to order books from the list "within 48 hours of receipt" if their existing collections "are preponderantly liberal...
...In 1948 the Smith-Mundt Act was signed, creating an information service and laying the groundwork for the establishment of the USIA five years later...
...Ecuador .. .Monthly...
...In 1942, the Office of War Information (OWI) was set up to direct the government's domestic information activities, its cultural operations, U.S...
...The program will feature pictures of corporate facilities, interviews with employees, as well as general discussion on the benefits of private investment...
...The USIA asked Doubleday to print 25,000 copies of the book, The Truth about the Dominican Republic for "student editions" which would sell for 20 cents each...
...7 0 The motion picture division of the Agency is very adept at manipulating images...
...Then, when you do it consistently over a period of time, they find out you tell them the truth on everything, that you are not lying to them, you are not twisting things...
...information programs in Latin America...
...8:30 p.m...
...Agency for International Development (AID...
...After the CIA stopped funding them, Nixon wanted to get $40 million for the two stations...
...It was trying to create a more favorable local attitude, atmosphere for foreign investment...
...Market Resnarckh C.A...
...BNC's and reading rooms are located not only in the capitals or large cities, but also in smaller towns, as the following list of Latin American BNC's shows: USIA-SUPPORTED BINATIONAL CENTERS 45 L4en Aterio...
...45-48...
...One official said that the Agency's "only goal was to see that the United States got a fair trial overseas...
...military is active, there is a Psychological Operations Committee headed by the senior USIA man in the country...
...Army Command and General Staff College, notes that psychological warfare -- or psychological operations (psyop) as it is now called -- is "designed to get others to respond in ways beneficial to achieving our goals...
...50,000 Royal Air Force posters.28 Did Army Step Into USIA's Shoes in Laos...
...SFRC, p. 337...
...cultural imperialism...
...DATOS...
...It has been in operation since the early days of World War II, when it opened its first broadcast in German with the words: "Daily at this time we shall speak to you about America and the war...
...The Los Angeles Times, June 4, 1971...
...The Chairman: Attitude...
...Presidente P-undente...
...The progressive movements in the Third World create the need for propaganda such as this, which portrays the revolutionary as a crazed, corrupt villain...
...Tacun...
...Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, NinetySecond Congress, 2dd session, March 20, 21, and 23, 1972...
...presidential campaigns...
...The expanded USIS bureaucracy took over the Vietnamese government's propaganda program...
...School of Int'l...
...and that it has produced other materials never attributed to the Agency...
...Government provided and financed transportation to bring at least 35 correspondents from Europe and Asia to Vietnam...
...Fulbright scholarship students often teach courses at the BNC's...
...49-51) Nelson & Laurance Rockefeller business staff (57-60) Time-Life Broadcast, Inc...
...Quito .. A...
...Sao Paulo...
...00"B !S , '. ; 4 0. :9 i 01 0Gs ' A W 2 a11 t 3 %Y 8. Zasa Sdg a 3 "18 a3 1 It i is s o %a C 3 a5 a _ gfa 3 Wo Y J o O _ .. o ri~E ei ir v iw is le 9, Z a I ' o r . K PI kd I I v I - e o 0 v b r. 19 4 . A u c z I .. a Vt...
...Ecuador...
...Ibid., 263...
...66- ) EDWARD R. MURROW (1961-63) Inst...
...propaganda program that would fight the so-called Soviet "Big Lie...
...We shall tell you the TRUTH...
...Giddens: Well, that would be the ultimate one which would justify the spending of the money....58 The VOA programming has three parts: 1) news, 2) feature programs and commentary, and 3) music-- American jazz, rock, folk...
...He refused and made complaints to higher officials...
...Only two years later an isolationist Congress abolished the Committee because "Propaganda and psychological considerations generally, acquired the connotation and stigma of deceit and trickery...
...38-46) Ambassador to Iran - (46-48) Asst...
...a pamphlet for the International Transport Federation, attributed to and distributed by the local union in Ecuador...
...There TV is still so much a novelty...
...Haiti: Port-au-Prince...
...58GEORGE V. ALLEN (1957-60) U.S...
...Bimonthly 2 000 138227 2.000 Progreso...
...Recently the USIS office in Calcutta had to order American flags by the dozen because so many were burned by demonstrators...
...2 0 JUSPAO "advisors" worked on these programs which are euphemistically called "rural and hamlet pacification programs...
...Affairs - Special Asst...
...Military Review, March...
...Prof...
...copyright D 1972 by the North American Congress on Latin America, Inc...
...La Paz...
...Government policies abroad...
...Sec.(65-68) Columbia Univ...
...Some come to promote a cause...
...Fourteen of these are designed specifically for Latin America: 47 PRODUCTION, CIRCULATION AND COST OF USIA PRODUCED MAGAZINES (Supplied by USIA) 1971 1973 circulation 1971 totl circulation Ttie Where produced Where principally distributed Frequency of issue per issue cost per issue LaIl, n America Accion Y Proieso...
...Ribeirao Preto: Rio de Janeiro: Salvador, Bahia: Santa Maria...
...Cit., p. 66...
...61, 63...
...political and economic interests...
...of Foreign Offices (32-35...
...Frank Shakespeare, current director of the USIA, sees the world "in terms of security and therefore holds that the USIA's function is to support America's international military position...
...Attribution of MACV Material The Chairman: On the things that MACV puts out, such as the portrait of the Prime Minister...
...that it has anonymously printed literature for private U.S...
...Dir...
...it was bimonthly...
...Huancayo...
...5 6 -- Henry Loomis, head of VOA for seven years The Voice of America (VOA) is the most widely known division of the USIA...
...counterinsurgency think tanks: he served as a trustee of the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) and today is a trustee of the Rand Corporation...
...Au,tin...
...Colombia: Barranqullla...
...The books are primarily pro-American...
...Ibid., p. 295...
...The USIA creates a false need for the free enterprise system, its target becomes the Third World instead of the American consumer and its product is U.S...
...and foreign military troops...
...4) Milt Benjamin previews Tuesday's Illinois primary election...
...Oleksiw said, "At least some of the recipients...got that impression...
...The Agency prints most of its regular publications at regional service centers (RSC) in Manila, Beirut and Mexico City, which also serve other branches of the US government...
...7. Ibid...
...of Int'l...
...Sao Luite...
...United States Information Agency Appropriations Authorization, Fiscal Year 1973...
...And there's more to come: the USIA states that a large scale program of this type represents a new trend in the agency...
...According to another article on the "Future of Military Psychology," psyop includes the use of mass media...
...The Chairman: Then am I fair in saying that it is to sell the world our foreign policy...
...Michael T. Klare, War Without End, American Blanning for the Next Vietnams,(New York: Vintage BQks, 1972), p. 265...
...2 USIA's policy guidelines are set by the State Department...
...Dep...
...At the same time, I should make it clear that none of this is done covertly...
...books and publications, and offer an elaborate schedule of movies, exhibits, lectures, and other "cultural" events open to the public...
...7 All long documentaries are attributed to the USIA, but the theater distributor or television manager may decide to cut off the credit...
...the Agency distributed numerous news stories and feature articles which would otherwise not be seen overseas...
...Guatemala: Guatemala City...
...Caracas...
...10027...
...Aug 13-Be...
...Assn...
...20,000 portraits of the Laotian Prime Minister...
...The article goes on to say that at one point Americans were organizing a campaign of selective terrorism directed at known National Liberation Front sympathizers, and "making sure that the lessons were not lost on the local residents...
...1 9 According to a recent New York Times article by Malcolm Browne on JUSPAO, "many of the key American tactics used in the war, inlidling a"ification, were developed in the organization...
...military personnel in the country and with the local military officers...
...But if you weren't discriminating against blacks in the first place, when o of them gets a top ob it wouldn't be news...
...Guayaquil...
...President Kennedy and Africa by Robert A. Marshall.5 3 These are only a few examples of the many materials that are not attributed or credited to the Agency...
...69 One example of a TV film prepared by the Agency is the Silent Majority, a 15 minute film released in 1969...
...62-65) Dr...
...They put out a press release every time Senator Brooke sneezes," says an Ethiopian editor...
...r Vranger that the SFRC passed a measure reaffirming and clarifying the ban on internal dissemination of official U.S...
...These intelligence operations probe for opinions that may determine future U.S...
...Goheen's Comm...
...Barquisimeto...
...of Broadcasters - Dir...
...1 0 By 1953 the USIA was firmly established...
...The USIA wanted them to be independent because otherwise, they say, the stations would not be credible...
...Although aware that Mallin was writing for the government, Doubleday agreed to the contract...
...Hermosillo...
...government and the virtues of the free enterprise system, is in mango respects an outgrowth of the techniques employed by domestic advertising agencies to create false needs for their client's products...
...SFRC, p. 72...
...But the USIA is not merely a "cold *note: usage of the male gender (e.g...
...4 In addition, in insurgency situations, its role is to undermine a people's will to resist and to provide non-communist (read: American) solutions to problems causing those situations...
...Oleksiw answered 43,000...
...Venezuela: Caracas...
...Foreign Service Institute - Dir...
...do IS, OOO 18,026 15, OOO Agencywide magazmes-Pioduced locally and in Washnglon by IPS...
...Peru: Arequipa...
...Even without these documents, the hearings revealed a great deal: that the USIA has been cooperating with the U.S...
...128 OU 223...
...45-53) Mutual Broadcasting System - (35-44...
...To effectively update and monitor the Agency's activities,, the U.S...
...sources: 1. "Selling America to the World," The New York Times, November 27, 1972...
...1 3 One of the six 1972 Agency program objectives for Brazil is to "reinforce awareness of the dangers of Communist solutions to national and regional problems...
...Military Academy at West Point, he has also guided the operations of two of the major U.S...
...I i- 10 - OPINION SURVEYS Included in the goals for the USIA, as John Kennedy stated them in 1963, is the following...
...2 4 This committee works with U.S...
...Yet, all over the world, in 109 countries, the United States Information Service (USIS, USIA's overseas name) is the place to buy cheap pro-U.S...
...aren't they...
...Before the U.S...
...Newsweek, May 15, 1972...
...32-51...
...we are not..We have ceased all activities in Laos which would in effect be acting as a ministry of information of the Government of Laos...
...Ecuador: Ambato...
...l Many foreign correspondents who have been interviewed in regard to Agency assistance to filmmakers claim that when the USIA provides them with studio facilities, it monitors and sometimes censors their work...
...on the implications of foreign opinion for the present and contemplated US policies, programs and official statements...
...We have also made it clear that while they have no responsibility or censorship over us when we use the facility in their country, conversely, we have no censorship or responsibility for what they say over the same facility...
...A recent article in Military Review, a publication of the U.S...
...The USIA does not send television crews abroad, but does assist foreign filmmakers coming to the United States to make special documentaries about America...
...Besides counseling the USIA, the Commission members travel to USIA posts around the globe to receive first hand briefings on the American propaganda campaign...
...zI do...
...The U.S...
...Recently there has been controversy about the future funding of the stations...
...USIA's stated mission is to present a positive image of the United States to other countries and to act as the official spokesman* for U.S...
...UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY EXECUTIVE SCCIETAIIAT (POLICY AND PLANS) EXECUTIVE source: United States Government Organizational Manual 1970/71...
...Santiago...
...and Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, D.C...
...We have given them a printing plant...
...Boroeaba...
...it was translated into 21 languages and distributed in 104 countries...
...The stations could not be placed under the State Department or the USIA because they were not supposed to be putting out official policy...
...Its name never appears on a book with which it is connected, however closely...
...on Communications Satellites (68-69) U.S...
...In this repect, the USIA, with all its cultural programs, is a giant ad agency, carrying the U.S...
...Trying to show how "progressive" the United States is becoming, it is narrated by a black correspondent and shows scenes from the massive anti-war demonstrations at the Washington Monument...
...As the possibility of U.S...
...Chiclayo: Cuzco...
...Paraguay: Asuncon...
...military aid or policymaking...
...Bri...
...Informatlon Service, is distributing aerial photographs to local newspapers of the 1971 flooding in North Vietnam...
...Law School - Prof...
...48-53) Univ...
...Itapetininga...
...But in places like Malaysia, Taiwan, the Philippines, our programs are ideal...
...Washington Post, March 15, 1972...
...Senator Symington: Mr...
...He had scenes-already shown on NBC--of a police round-up of aliens in a "Red Scare" in this country following the 1917 revolution in the Soviet Union...
...43-55) Fed...
...Dir...
...The USIA and particularly the VOA have unrelentlessly pushed Cold War policy objectives, and under Shakespeare's directorship, the VOA has remained militantly anti-communist...
...The NACLA Research Methodology Guide gives additional suggestions on how to conduct this type of research...
...Nicaragua: Managua...
...Ventula...
...Ibid., p. 268...
...The emphasis in producing new films is more on who should see it, and less on how many people will see it...
...And they need programs for their schedules...
...The point was to change foreigners' conceptions of increased militancy among Third World people in the United States...
...Some examples from Latin America: America: DATE Feb...
...Bolivia: Cochabamba...
...Based in Princeton, New Jersey, Gallup is a member of the Eastern corporate establishment's elite foreign policy lobby, the Council on Foreign Relations (see NACLA's Latin America & Empire Report, Nov...
...The Los Angeles Times, January 3, 1972, an 68...
...James Aronson, ex-editor of the National Guardian, in his book, The Press and the Cold War, traces how the USIA got the support of the international press in early coverage of the Vietnam War...
...Frank Stanton of the CBS network trusteed two major U.S...
...At the time of President Kennedy's assassination in 1963 USIA had 40 officers in Vietnam...
...Given these premises, revolutionary alternatives are pictured as unnecessary and unviable...
...line on events inside the United States (such as the Angela Davis trial) or foreign policy (Nixon's trip to China...
...One Senator remarked that he thought the program was good, but felt it ought to be carried out by the CIA...
...of State - Consultant (62-69) Dept...
...Dixon and Delano, California...
...The production cost was $20,000...
...The Senate Foreign Relations Committee finally approved funds for a year.- 16 - A Picture Is Worth A Thousand...
...Known as Operation Phoenix, this program was incorporated into the CORDS (Civil Operations and Rural Development Support...
...Telephone interviews can also yield good information...
...Education - Asst...
...Bucaramanga...
...69...
...The Agency has also helped foreign television teams film special programs dealing with this issue...
...how popular, or unpopular, how sound or foolishi;the cause, demonstrations are part of the American tradition...
...The photographs are accompanied by explanatory notes...
...yes, sir...
...The New York Times, March 22, 1972...
...LAOS Aside from its activities in Vietnam, the USIA was acting as the Ministry of Information CI-8for the Laotian Government in 1969, according to the March 1972 Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearings...
...U.S...
...Salta...
...16,600 26.962 16600 Fotorams...
...Special zr1a...
...The program has several facets: 1) The Agency often pays for translations and printing of existing books...
...Tax Other polls are more "political," they reveal attitudes toward insurgent movements which can be used in guiding future U.S...
...JUSPAO also took charge of building an entire communications infrastructure for South Vietnam...
...Congressional hearings and appropriations sessions are excellent sources of information, since they review the activities of these organizations...
...It is to achieve a political purpose...
...PortovieJo...
...In 1964 President Lyndon B. Johnson ordered all agencies of the government to make available for duty in Vietnam the most capable people they had...
...They were closed and the La Paz BNC was expropriated in April, 1971, when the government gave it to a local school...
...Treasurer FBO Pictures Corp...
...SFRC, p. 181...
...on Higher Education - Exec...
...In late 1971, JUSPAO advisors were supposedly recalled from the premises of Saigon's Ministry of Information...
...The following is a more detailed summary of the USIA Directors and Advisorg Commission members...
...33-35) WOR Radio, N.Y...
...12 per year for institutions ($22 for two years...
...Shakespeare: Well, it probably was correct at the time...
...The Chairman: Isn't it quite possible that maybe this kind of activity lends credence to their charges...
...Inter-Amercan Res,,arch...
...4) .6 4 .0 4a 0.o - S 4) S - Ed 0 .Cs 0 o r; G o 04~p 00 )4 .. 0 0 1 b 4 0 8 8 l 0 u a 4) 0 8 0 g 0 S...
...The Agency stripped its most capable and often its youngest people from posts throughout the world, and in the next year nearly 150 USIS operatives moved into Vietnam...
...Army...
...Government) are men...
...SFRC, p. 431...
...USIA and the ilitary group covered the cost...
...However, the literature presents no viable solutions to the problems facing the people, and, while buying time for the elites of the United States and other countries, it and other propaganda like it will not dissolve dissent...
...Assistant Secretary of State William Benton led the fight for a peacetime information service...
...They emphasized that Angela was on trial for criminal charges and denied the existence of a genocide campaign against black militants...
...Had the proposal passed, the VOA would have been forced to cut out 25 of its 36 language broadcasts...
...0G Dialogue...
...From 1946 to 1966 there were 97 bombings and burnings of USIA BNC's and reading rooms, 16 alone in 1964 and 1965...
...A recent example of this programming is a series of news features, magazine articles and Voice of America broadcasts on "The Changing South...
...1 Whatever their "effectiveness," these are clearly not in line with USIA's offical image as the peaceful messenger of culture and goodwill...
...3. Raymond J. Barrett, "Psyop: What is it...
...United States Information Agency, Country Data on Brazil, p. 5. 66...
...Present U.S...
...1972, p. 57...
...Geman.KoreauandVetnamese Washington USIA also has at its disposal a radio teletype communications system which sends out materials 5 days a week to 127 posts...
...Ecu or...
...military in other countries as well as Vietnam...
...San Jose...
...I want to understand if that is the purpose...not just education, but persuasion to our point of view...
...The New York Times, January 27, 1953...
...We don't get a lot of placement in the sophisticated European countries, or some place like Japan, where commercial TV is so highly developed...
...2 5 In Thailand USIS has distributed comic books in the Thai language glamorizing 1he combat operations of Thai troops in Vietnam...
...41-44) Foreign Economic Admin...
...3 5 In cooperation with the American firms operating in Colombia, USIA in Bogota is producing a 43part television series to illustrate the theme, "Private Investment--Public Profit...
...Congress, however, under prodding from Nixon and Secretary of State William Rogers voted for the full $200 million budget...
...Washmnlton...
...Nevertheless, journalistic investigations and these Senate hearings reveal only a trace of the USIA's work...
...There's no such thing as all day programming...
...image...
...6 6 Echoes-- an impressionistic version of the supposed heroes and ideals in Americanl national life...
...so they took it over and they are doing it...
...Chmn...
...Distributed among 147,000 people in 11 Latin American nations, its racist and sexist text and graphics hammer away at the USIA's key propaganda themes and epitomize the Agency's true function as a "pusher of the Big Lie...
...Thus Congress, in an Amendment to the Foreign Aid Acts passed a law in early 1971 requring the USIA to present its budget yearly to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee (SFRC) for closer scrutiny...
...to Dean (70- ) Nat'l...
...The USIA higherups said "it was unduly critical of America and the Communists would take advantage...
...psychological warfare programs, another arm in the growing counterinsurgency apparatus of the United States...
...Bueno Aires...
...All of this costs a lot of money...
...They leave with their questions unanswered...
...Attitudes Toward Foreign Enter- Inter-Amerca A.C . Bogota...
...foreign policy objectives by influencing public attitudes in other nations, and advising the President, his representatives abroad...
...It is not a matter of just setting policy...
...In many countries, USIA movies are shown at small "invitational screenings to key audience groups, rather than open, over-the-counter film library loans...
...government policies toward Third World people in the United States...
...El Salvador: San Salvador...
...The New York Times, March 22, 1967, and September 28, 1966...
...Largely staffed by exiles from the USSR and Eastern Europe, both stations deal primarily with Soviet Bloc news...
...72) FRANK J. SHAKESPEARE (1969-Dresent) ARTHUR LARSON (1956-57) Office of Price Admin...
...of State for Near East, Asian & African Affairs - (55-56) Ambassador to Greece - (56-57) Tobacco Institute - Pres...
...Uberaba...
...Concepeion...
...The New York Times, October 3, 1966...
...84, 85...
...and SFRC, p. 328...
...In Cambodia, Thailand and Laos the USIA has been particularly active in psychological warfare operations...
...One area which has received special attention is U.S...
...Tucuman...
...CARL T. ROWAN (1964-65) Minneapolis Tribune - Copywriter (48-50...
...They visited Proctor & Gamble headquarters in Cincinnati to see what "progress" the company was making with detergents and pollution...
...Foreign Service career begins - (30) State Dept., Middle East Div...
...He is also a director of Pan American World Airways (see NACLA's Latin America & Empire Report, April 1971), American Electric Power Co., Holt Rinehart & Winston (the giant publishing house), and the New York Life Insurance Company...
...A perverse piece of literature, the comic is irrefutable proof of the USIA's role: manipulation and distortion of peoples' minds and values.- 18 -- 19 -- 20 -- 21 -- 22 -- 23 -- 24 -- 25 -- 26 -- 27 - 64v a x . a B ot Ei ' i i b au 4 4 e t m W %a 5: i *~~ s ) z. ii~~~~~C C adgEQtEM a in, X Q,2,t a Mte o S E Xa C .rRab WBs B t 1" 0 2 OE a p~~ rrj c _ o .~Q IC a CD oi w !% n .0 $4 v .9 P 4 0 vO .. C V s , a | b og,~~~~~~~~~~41 W 4 at E>, : daa5 3 i B i5 a - fX g{I - 28 - 0 I E et 0 ,o aO E c @4 Y r B) R . a 8 $ es a, g -I '0~ ,E 0.0 '~ .! i*1'l i fi k J S S ~s g g - s S. 1t I 8 O I a I a i! S M 0. 4) x $@4 as 0 0O 4) 4) 0 A I 9 0 8 4) 5 0 - 8 @ I wBr o B 0 A0 e0 0 au9 0 I o z a 4) '5W 4 0 0 0 @4 S Cs- 5ft 0 40...
...Ibid., p. 389...
...The USIS office gives the photographs to the newspapers for use without any attribution...
...During the hearings on this appropriations request, the USIA, under orders from President Nixon, refused to turn over vital documents necessary for the Committee's evaluation of Agency programs...
...In 1945 Truman incorporated the OWI and Rockefeller's OIAA into the State Department, recommending that studies be made to suggest future operations...
...48-51) CBS - Spot Sales (51-54) WCBS-TV - Gen.Sales Mgr...
...As I understand it, we put up the money for this paper but policy decisions were those of the Lao...
...companies...
...JOHN M. SHAHEEN Shaheen is the prime mover behind the controversial proposed refinery and dutyfree zone at Machiasport, Maine and is chairman of Shaheen Natural Resources Corp...
...yes sir...
...Chile: Antofagasta...
...Co- ImleoltheUo .n...
...Mexico: Chihuabua...
...He took the film to the USIA to work on the narration...
...What is advertising except creating a favorable attitude toward your product...
...Information Service...
...society is "flexible," that the "internal" problems of the LUS are being resolved, that LUS foreign policy is not imperialist, that revolutionary solutions are not necessary to change the system--in short, that progressive changes are occuring and that justice prevails...
...2) Phil Jurey on CIAP review of U.S...
...As a result of the hearings, the SFRC recommended a 25 percent budget cut for the USIA...
...These include magazines, pamphlets, photo displays and information digests...
...Television is a particularly developed medium in this Andean nation and is very influential...
...Lima...
...Costa Rice: Limon...
...Latn Amerlca...
...These filmmakers are shown the sites and people that the USIA wants the films to include...
...U. S. Department of Commerce, Survey of Current Business, 1970...
...As part of a USIS drive to "put race relations in America into realistic perspective...
...USIA: Yes sir...
...from Sinh Hoat, a publication of students at the University of Hue, Vietnam...
...Ibid., p. 62...
...Barrett, Military Review, Op...
...The Agency itself often has reports on its operations...
...Voice of America: Official Mouthpiece The Voice of America is the only instrument we have that goes directly into the home of a private individual...
...1964, p. 121...
...5 7 During the recent USIA Appropriations Hearings, a recommended cut of $45 million would have most heavily affected the VOA broadcasts...
...Ibid., pp...
...23 The USIA cooperates with the U.S...
...5 0 To cite another example of Agency attempts to manipulate the media: at the beginning of the 1965 revolt in the Dominican Republic, there were three USIS people in the country...
...involvement in the war increased, the United States set up the office of the Coordinator of Commercial and Cultural Relations between the American Republics, headed by Nelson A. Rockefeller...
...The present USIA director, Frank Shakespeare, was such a good salesman that CBS put him in charge of penetrating the Third World by purchasing TV stations, selling programs, and generally trying to boost the U.S...
...The news may be good, or bad...
...the US...
...We have assisted them in developing a countrywide information service that is now operating in each of the provinces...
...1971) and is a director of the Princeton Bank & Trust Co...
...The New York Times, June 13, 1972...
...Morella...
...1 4 Strange directives for the spokesmen of a government headed by the Nixon who talks about negotiation with the Communists and the relaxation of international tensions, and who visits the People's Republic of China and the USSR...
...Senator Symington: Are we continuing with that publication...
...Films are also shown in commercial theaters...
...3) It commissions authors to write manuscripts on subjects for which it can find no previously published book that suits the Agency purposes...
...4 04) 40 0 0 4 S. 0 S...
...1965 May 20, 1970 TITLE Peasant attitudes in Northeast Brazil Latin American attitudes in the wake of the Dominican invasion Venezuelan university students after graduation: Their media habits, political interest and orientation and other selected characteristics And from Vietnam-JUSPAO April, 1969 Saigon public attitudes August, 1969 Public attitudes in Hue and Danang August, 1970 Public attitudes in Quang Tri 39 These opinion surveys are classified for at least two years after publication...
...congressman, spokesman, etc...
...economy and Latin aid policies opens (with actualities of Dr...
...719 137.0 Viet-Nam, and Pakistan...
...SFRC, p. 369-370...
...The Chairman: Yours are psychological operations...
...Shakespeare: No...
...Manila...
...4 6 The Agency field offices receive the materials via radio-teletype and mail, and use them in various ways: for placement in local media, for circulation to influential contacts, as sources of information for staff guidance and briefing, and for publication in locally produced materials...
...Indochina Chronicle, No...
...United States Government Organization Manual, 1971-72, Superintendent of Documents, U.S...
...For years, people believed that they were privately funded institutions run by "concerned" individuals...
...Argentina: Buenos Aires Comodore Rivadavia...
...As pointed out in a recent Newsweek article, some propaganda watchers in Africa think the USIA is obsessed with America's racial problems...
...The USIA directors and Advisory members are qualified psycho-warfare experts through their experience in media, advertising, and foreign service...
...34 In Colombia too, the USIA endeavors to protect the $691-million worth of U.S investments...
...I am not familiar with the details...
Vol. 6 • September 1972 • No. 7
