The Hanna Industrial Complex: Part III Financial Base for republican Politics
B., E.D. & G., F.
The second article in this three-part series (NACLA Newsletter, July-August 1968) described the Cleveland-based industrial complex of which Hanna Mining Company is the nucleus (the complex...
...of $500 or more: 1964- Contributions of $500 or more: G.M...
...Love E.T...
...1925-Contrbtns...
...Humphrey and his wife are listed among the 71 people reported to have contributed $5,000 or more in 1967 to the political campaign...
...Moore (9/30) (9/21) (9/21) (9/21) (10/1) (7/9) (5/1) (9/21) (9129) (9/24) (4/15) 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 1,000 500 500 1,000 500 5,000 1,000 Total Recipient 9,000 10,500 4,500 L5,500 1,500 RCC RNFOC RCCE" RNFOC CGM* RTC* NRSC RNFOC 3,000 RTC* CCGM* RTC* RCCE' 10,000 NRSC 500 RAL RAL RTC* 2,000 RAL* 5,000 RNFOC* 1.000 NRCC 38,500 1j56- Contributions of $500 or more: Mrs...
...He soon emerged as one of the key fund-raisers (as well as contributors) for the Ohio Republican Party machine...
...An indicator of this shift in the balance of financial power is the decrease in the percentage of national banking resources which Wall Street commanded from 25% at the end of World War II to 12% in 1964...
...1959 - "State Breakdown of $900 or More Contributions in 1959," CQ Almanac, 1960, pp...
...Hanna, son of a prominent Cleveland grocer, became a partner of Rhodes and Company, a coal and iron shipping firm, in 1864 through his marriage with Daniel P. Rhodes' daughter...
...1956 - "Individuals Contribute $11 Million in Amounts of $500 or More," CQ Weekly Report, February 8, 1957, pp...
...1290-1303...
...Morgan) for financing Republican campaigns...
...The congressmen found Hanna's profits on sales over a six year period were 57.4...
...1954 - "Campaign Donations of $1,000 or More," CQ Almanac, 1955, pp...
...R.L...
...1960 - "Campaign Contributions of $500 or More Reported for 1960," CQ Special Report, Part II supplementing Weekly Re port for June 30, 1961, pp...
...In order to get franchises for street routes, the company contributed to the election expenses of particular councilmen...
...For instance, the success of Hanna Mining Co...
...While Humphrey was still serving as Eisenhower's Secretary of the Treasury, he dispatched his cabinet cohorts son, John W.F...
...Hanna, the major fund-raiser for the Republican Party, became increasingly dependent upon prominent Wall Street financiers and industrialists (such as William and John D. Rockefeller - Hinnats boyhood schoolmates -- and James Hill and J.P...
...1950 - "1950 Political Contributions Totals," CQ Weekly Report, April 27, 1951, pp...
...RCC - National Republican Citizens Committee...
...The second article in this three-part series (NACLA Newsletter, July-August 1968) described the Cleveland-based industrial complex of which Hanna Mining Company is the nucleus (the complex includes National Steel Corporation, Consolidation Coal Company and Chrysler Corporation) and the four family dynasties (Hannas, Humphreys, Loves and Weirs) who control it...
...Hanna Company The connections Humphrey made through his role as a major contributor to and fund-raiser for the Republican Party had invaluable payoffs for the industrial empire he controlled...
...During McKinley's first term (1896-1900), however, there occurred an unprecedented reorganization of major sectors of American industry in which small geographically dispersed businesses were amalgamated into large combines directed by Wall Street financiers...
...9 McCloy, the first president of the World Bank (1949) is also in a position to help Hanna acquire World Bank loans to develop its Brazilian operations...
...Corporations Making Known Contributions of $500 or Over in 1952," Exhibit 2, 1956 Presidential and Senatorial Camaign Contributions and Practices, Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Privileges and Elections of the Committee on Rules and Administration, Senate, 84th Congress, Part II, October 8, 9, & 10, 1956, p. 465...
...and Mrs...
...1955 - "Donations of $1,000 or More," CQ Weekly Report, February 17, 1956, pp...
...Republiean Program Advertisers," Ibid., p. 64...
...Hoover, a renowned international oil, mining, and electronics engineer, served the Brazilian and Iranian governments, among others, as an engineering consultant between 1942 and 1952...
...Still another prominent Republican, John J. McCloy (partner in the Rockefeller-associated law firm of Milbank, Tweed, Hadley and McCloy, and former Board Chairman of the Chase Manhattan Bank) played a key role in securing Hanna's access to the Minas Gerais concession...
...His role, also unlike Hanna's, has been that of a leading financier of the two major political movements since World War I which have challenged east coast hegemony over the Republican Party -- the Robert A. Taft and Barry Goldwater movements...
...Hanna became the dominant partner through a shrewd policy of mergers which gained the company control of the mines producing the coal and iron its ships carried...
...Note 1: 72 firms placed full page ads in the 1964 Republican Nat'l Convention Program...
...Eisenhower acknowledged the strength of the conservatives by appointing a number of key Taft supporters to his cabinet, among them, George M. Humphrey, whom he named Secretary of the Treasury...
...For example, in 1900 one company alone, Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company of Nw Jersey, contributed one-tenth ($250,000) of McKinley's entire campaign expenditures...
...Officials of the 100 largest U.S...
...1399-1436...
...Ireland G.H...
...Love 2,000 1,000 2,000 5,000 T.E...
...W. Bicknell, Jr...
...1198-1231...
...Another key Republican associate of Humphrey is Herbert Hoover, Jr., son of the former U.S...
...In January 1968, the World Bank granted a $22 million loan to finance the integrated aluminum mining, refining and smelting facilities of Companhia Mineira de Alumino, controlled by Hanna Mining Co...
...5. Suite )50, The Story of the Draft Goldwater Movement, F. Clinton White, Arlington House, 1967, pp...
...The first instance of this occurred shortly before the crucial California primary which Goldwater carried over Rockefeller by a close margin...
...Millsop (10/28) (11/1) (10/28) (4/19) (10/5) (10/31)2,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 500 500 1965- Contrbtns.of $500 or more: 10,510 1966- Contrbtns.of $500 or more: 6,500 167- G.M...
...11 (for footnotes 7-11, see the following page) NOTE: This three-part series on the Hanna Industrial Complex, plus additions and revisions, will be published as a NACLA pamphlet in early February, 1969...
...The industrial complex...
...president, who joined Hanna's board in 1960...
...As McKinley's campaign manager, he systematized a method of collecting contributions whereby each corporation and bank was assessed for a specific amount in accordance with its earnings...
...Humphrey (3...
...NPCEN - National Professional Committee for isenhowerNixon...
...He built up Rhodes & Co...
...Hoover brought to the company invaluable experience in international mining and government intelligence which could not but have helped the company in its dispute with the Brazilian government over its rights to the Minas Gerais ore deposit (see NACLA Newsletter, MIay-June,19 6 8...
...To get the maximum political mileage out of the article, Thayer waived the copyright and released the story to the liberal press and wire services where it stimulated a flood of other interpretive articles and editorials labeling Ikets act as anti-Goldwater...
...The company spokesmen proposed that the government help finance the development of the mines and the erection of a smelting plant as well as buy the nickel...
...Hanna has applied to the World Bank for another loan to provide part of the financing for the development of the iron ore deposits by its subsidiary Mineracoes Brasileiras Reunidas and for the development of a federal railway network to connect the deposits with a proposed ore harbor (see NACLA Newsletter, May-June, 1968...
...Both the Nat'l Steel Corp...
...and ALCOA...
...RNFOC - Republican National Finance Operations Committee, Washington, D.C...
...After the overthrow of the Goulart government in 1964, McCloy, retained as Hanna's counsel, escorted U.S...
...1952 - "List of Big Contributors," CQ Weekly Report, October 2, 1953, pp...
...In 1896, Wall Street financiers contributed by far the bulk of the funds -- $3,000,000 out of the $3,500,000 - needed to run McKinley's campaign for the presidency after they failed to impose their choice, Levi Po Morton, on the convention...
...Moore T.W...
...8 The Multinational Corporation...
...The former, often labeled "isolationists" and "conservatives" emphasized domestic economic stability and thus opposed U.S...
...Senate seat vacated by former Senator Sherman who was appointed Secretary of State...
...Under pressure from above, the GSA officials reversed their decision and approved the contract on January 16, 1953, a week before Humphrey assumed his post...
...intervention in World War II unless directly threatened...
...in 1964, changed name to Republican Citizens Committee of the United States, Washington, D.C...
...After McKinley's election, Ohio's governor named Hanna to the U.S...
...74-91...
...both exploited raw materials with great profit potential and both were founded in Cleveland within a decade of each other by boyhood schoolmates...
...9. The New York Times, November 7, 1964...
...Weir died in June 1957...
...These financiers, because they had wrested control of state industries out of the hands of local proprietors, began to have sway over state party machines...
...Weir (Mary Hayward) 2,500 2,500 1,000 1,500 3,000 3,000 5,000 2,000 3,000 2.500 RP RNC NRSC 5,000 NRCC RNC NRCC NPCEN CENR 16 000 NRSC 23,500 Note: Another source giving the names of the 109 contributors of $10,000 or more in the 1952 campaign states that Mr...
...Consequently, M.A...
...1,000 500 1,500 G.W...
...Hanna Co...
...177-182...
...For the companies on which M.A...
...Hanna's rise to leadership in the Republican Party occurred at a critical juncture in the organizations history...
...Because of the limited number of back issues available, NACLA cannot fill requests for the Newsletter issues containing Parts I and II...
...The locus of national party control thus began to shift into the hands of Wall Street...
...At the beginning of his chairmanship, the party still represented the diverse interests of midwestern (Chicago, Cleveland, Cincinnati) and eastern (New York, Boston, Philadelphia) bankers and industrialists who made major contributions to its coffers...
...Millsop 2,500 750 1,000 4,250 Mrs...
...The standard-bearer for the conservatives in these initial skirmishes was Robert Taft, who lost the 1948 and 1952 nominations by slim margins...
...A list of sources and a key to abbreviations of the recipient organizations follows the chart...
...in acquiring control of Brazilian iron ore deposits was due in large part to the roles played by several prominent Republicans with high-level U.S...
...815-821...
...until, under the name of M.A...
...leaving its direction to his brother Leonard) in order to manage The NACLA NEHSLETTER is published ten times a year by the North American Congress on Latin America...
...Mrs...
...342-3...
...Hanna too excessive a profit and were on the point of rejecting it when Eisenhower announced Humphrey's cabinet appointment...
...As one of the cabinet strongmen, Humphrey constantly articulated the conservative ideology in emphasizing the achievement of domestic stability through low taxes, tight credit control and a balanced budget...
...The agreement which Hoover negotiated bestowed upon a consortium of U.S...
...M.A...
...Contributions made during presidential campaign years are listed in detail (when available), but for lack of space contributions made during Congressional campaign years are given in yearly aggregate form...
...816-824...
...79-149...
...RAL - Republican Finance Committee of Allegheny Co., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania...
...Controls on Foreign Investment...
...Ireland 1,000 1,000 G.H...
...Steel...
...10 Another way Humphrey utilized his political connections to benefit the industrial empire he controls is exemplified by a contract M.A...
...3 The economic leverage which Wall Street was able to exert over state party machines to gain delegate votes enabled the nomination of its favorites, Wendell Wilkie (1940), Thomas Dewey (1944, 1948) and Dwight Eisenhower (1952, 1956), despite the numerical majority of conservative delegates...
...6. What Happened to Goldwater: The Inside Story of the 1964 Republican Campaign, Stephen Shadegg, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1965, p. 127.-7high-level intelligence contacts through the chairmanship of the Operations Coordinating Board, the executive committee of the National Security Council, highest foreign policy planning board of the government...
...subscription: $5 In This Issue: The Hanna Industrial Complex: Part III Financial Base for Republican Politics...
...Love T.E...
...In the beginning of 1964, when Goldwater announced his candidacy, Humphrey assumed the position of midwest chairman of the Goldwater for President finance committee...
...1958 - "State Breakdown of $1,000 Donations in 1958," CQ Almanac, 1959, pp...
...Weir 2,500 2,500 3,000 3,000 3,000 2,000 11 000 26,250 L L L L L RCCC L L RNC RCCC L RNC RNC RSCC RCCC L Note: E.T...
...Millsop W.H...
...Hanna Co...
...226-228...
...NYR - United Republican Finance Committee for the State of New York, New York City...
...PENN - Republican State Committee of Pennsylvania...
...Love Mrs...
...1964 - "Campaign Ceontributiens ef $500 or More for 1964," CQ Weekly Report Special Report, January 21, 1966, pp...
...Hanna and John D. Rockefeller based their fortunes had similar origins...
...1962 - "Campaign Contributions of $500 or More Reported for 1962," Ibid., pp...
...Hanna successfully engineered and personally financed, at the cost of $100,000, McKinley's nomination...
...Contributor 12?- Contributions of Mr...
...7 In September, 1954, upon successful completion of this assignment, Hoover assumed the number two position in the State Department...
...1944 - "Tabulation of Contributions by Individuals of $500 or More to Political Committees," Appendix IX, Report of Special Committee to Investigate Presidential, Vice-Presidential and Senatorial Campaign Expenditures in iA4, Senate, 79th Congress, Report #101, March 15, 1945, pp...
...Dulles, who had had mining experience in Mexico, to organize Hanna's operations in Brazil...
...Rockefeller carried out a policy of mergers and amalgamation in the 1870's whereas Humphrey undertook such a policy for the Hanna enterprise only in the 1920's and 30's...
...1388-98...
...A congressional investigation conducted by Senator Symington at the suggestion of the Kennedy administration later revealed the extortionate profits M.A...
...RSCC - Republican Senatorial Campaign Committee...
...For a more detailed account of this scandal, see "Humphrey of Hanna," Despoilers of Democracy, Clark Mollenhoff, Doubleday, 1965, pp...
...After the nomination, he assumed the chairmanship of the Republican National Committee...
...Readers will be notified, through the Newsletter, as to how to acquire the pamphlet...
...These locally controlled industrial 1i host of the documentation for the above analysis is from: Marcus Alonzo Hanna...
...of $1,000 or more: 4,000 1959- Contrbtns.of $900 or more: 2,000 1960- Contributions of $500 or more: Mrs...
...2958-2977...
...Yet their rates of growth were quite dissimilar...
...signed to provide nickel to the General Services Administration (GSA) at the beginning of the Eisenhower administration...
...URFC - United Republican Finance Committee for Metropolitan New York VNL - National Volunteer for Nixon-Lodge Finance Committee, New York City...
...When Eisenhower arrived in Cleveland to attend the Governors Conference, "Humphrey met him and never left his side...
...151-241...
...In this capacity, he also helped organize a business committee of 450 for Goldwater...
...of $1,000 or moreo18,000 25r-Contrbtns...
...Hanna Co...
...Weir Mrs...
...SD - South Dakota Republican Central Committee...
...CGM - Citizens for Goldwater-Miller, Wash., D.C...
...Lockett, October 31, 1954...
...8. "Number Two Job in the State Department," The New York Times Magazine, E.B...
...and the M.A...
...Ike promptly called Scranton to tell him that their June 6th visit at Gettysburg was not to be construed by him as an endorsement...
...1680-81.-6Secondly, capitalizing on the close friendship he developed with former president Eisenhower, Humphrey functioned as one of the main liaisons between the Goldwater campaign managers and the former chief executive...
...Humphrey (2/14) 1,000 (3/7) 1,500 (9/21) 3,000 (9/21) 3,000 (9/21) 3,000 (9/21) 3,000 (10/1) 1,000 Mrs...
...NRSC - National Republican Senatorial Committee, Washington, D.C...
...At the outbreak of the Korean War, when the United States suffered a severe nickel shortage, Hanna officials informed the Office of Defense Mobilization that they had discovered a large deposit of nickel-bearing ore in Oregon...
...748-756...
...ambassador to Brazil, Lincoln Gordon, to the office of President Castelo Branco, Goulart's successor, to ask for a restoration of the concession as one condition for receiving U.S...
...1205-1208...
...ITV - Independent Television Committee, Wash., D.C...
...NRCC - National Republican Congressional Committee, Washington, D.C...
...L - indicates local or state Republican Party organization...
...Millsop (Frances W.) E.T...
...GSA administrators, however, criticized the terms of the proposal as yielding M.A...
...lM-Contrbtns...
...The wealth generated by this large complex of companies enabled Humphrey to become a prominent voice in midwestern Republican politics though, unlike M.A...
...Weir Am't $500 or $ 750 3,000 2,000 2,937 2,000 1,000 2,955 950 Total Recipient more $ 750 RFCAC URFC RNC RFCAC NRCC NRSC PENN 14.842 SD $15,592 120- Contributions: 4,000 1252- Contributions of $1,000 or more: G.H...
...RP - Republican Party (no specific organization named...
...of $1,000 or more: 1 1 , 0 0 0 Contributor Date Am't 1961-Contrbtns...
...In late 1953, at the request of John Foster Dulles, he undertook a special assignment to mediate the Iranian oil dispute...
...Weir contributed a total of $27,665 (vs...
...and European oil companies control of Iranian oil properties which Premier Mossadegh had nationalized prior to his overthrow by the CIA in August, 1953...
...The front page banner headline article (May 25, 1964) which gave a detailed description of the type of man Ike believed the Republicans should nominate, appeared to endorse Nelson Rockefeller over Barry Goldwater...
...This convention marked the first stage in a long series of battles between the political representatives of the financial and industrial enterprises outside the Wall Street nexus of control whose markets and investments were still primarily domestic, and the political representatives of the more advanced Wall Street-controlled financial and industrial enterprises whose markets and investments were rapidly becoming international...
...In 1894, he withdrew from active participation in the affairs of the M.A...
...As Under Secretary of State, he further developed his 4. Eisenhower was a frequent guest at quail-shoots on Humphrey's Georgia plantation...
...1961 - "Campaign Contributions of $500 or More Reported for 1961," CQ Special Report, Part I supplementing Weekly Report for July 26, 1963, pp...
...of $500 or more: 1962- Contrbtns...
...Humphrey, who backed Taft - and of the spokesmen of the Rockefeller fortune - John J. McCloy and Richard Aldrich (former Board Chairmen of Chase Manhattan Bank) who backed Dewey and Eisenhower, in light of the development of their respective enterprises...
...Hanna - McKinley M.A...
...1965 - "Campaign Contributions of $500 or More for 1965," CQ Weekly Report, December 2, 1966, pp...
...Minimum contribution for 1-yr...
...which Humphrey controls is representative of other such complexes, located primarily in the midwest, west and southwest which, particularly since World War II, have grown independent of Wall Street control...
...The Hanna enterprises began to expand abroad to secure ore sources and markets only within the last decade.-4CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTI(NS OF THE FOUR FAMILY DYNASTIES The chart below lists the reported national campaign contributions of mbers of the Hanna, Humphrey, Love and Weir dynasties which control the Hanna industrial complex...
...This final installment will show how members of the Hanna interest group have attained political influence commensurate with their economic and social status...
...entry into the war to protect Europe where they had many business interests...
...of $500 or more: 1963- Contrbtns...
...1 George Humphrey - Taft and Goldwater George Humphrey's aggressive policy of mergers in the 1920's and 30's rejuvenated the company .A...
...Humphrey who gave $17,000 to the Republican Party and R.L...
...Aside from being a major fund-raiser, he was also a heavy contributor - as were other members of the four family dynasties which control the Hanna complex (see charts, p.4 ). 2. The Making of the President 1964, Theodore H. White, Atheneum, 1965, p. 69...
...SOURCES FOR CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS CHART Listed below are various Congressional Quarterly (CQ) publications and congressional committee reports which have, in different ways (none of which have been totally consistent for the years 1944-67), organized campaign contributions data reported to the House Clerk and Senate Secretary under the provisions of the Corrupt Practices Act...
...Humphrey 500 500 1,000 Mrs...
...corporation), was somehow unable to afford adequate safety precautions for the prevention of the recent coal mine disaster (78 dead) in its West Virginia mine #9.-87. For the story of the CIA in Iran, see The Invisible Government, D. Wise and T.B...
...RCCE - Republican Campaign Committee, Wash., D.C...
...Shortly after Humphreyts call, Eisenhower held a press conference at which he told the assembled reporters, "You have tried to read Goldwater out of the party, I didn't...
...1966 - "Campaign Contributions of $500 or More for 1966," CQ Special Report, Part I of two parts of Weekly Report, August 11, 1967, pp...
...RTC - TV for Goldwater-Miller Committee, Wash., D.C...
...RCCC - Republican Congressional Campaign Committee...
...67-69...
...His primary adversary in cabinet debates, the other cabinet strongman, John Foster Dulles (formerly a partner in the Rockefeller-linked Wall Street law firm of Sullivan and Cromwell and a past president of the Rockefeller Foundation), articulated the liberal ideology of the financiers and industrialists with extensive overseas interests, emphasizing the achievement of international economic stability through foreign aid and defense expenditures...
...Love (6/21) 1,00ooo Mrs...
...of these, 47 (or 61%) also placed ads in the Democratic Party's convention program...
...Note 2: Among the list of 130 individuals (including wives) who contributed $10,000 or more in 1964 to the nat'l political campaign appear Mr...
...The two also often golfed together at the exclusive Laurel Valley Golf Club in Pennsylvania which Humphrey's business associate George Love organized in 1959 with Ben Fairless of U.S...
...3. It is instructive to examine the contrasting ideologies of the spokesman of the Hanna fortune - G.M...
...financial aid...
...Ireland, who gave $10,000 to the same party...
...His Life and Work, Herbert Crly, Archon Books, 1965 (originally published by Macmillan in 1912).-3complexes have formed the basis of great centers of finance rivaling Wall Street...
...Humphrey telephoned Ike from Cleveland asking him to disavow widely-held interpretations of an article he had been persuaded to sign by New York Herald Tribune president Walter Thayer...
...Love E.T...
...1963 - "Campaign Contributions of $500 or More in 1963," CQ Weekly Report, July 3, 1964, pp...
...The latter, on the other hand, often labeled "internationalists" and "liberals" emphasized international economic stability and thus advocated U.S...
...the $21,000 shown above...
...Love W.H...
...Hanna's initiation to politics resulted from his presidency of a Cleveland streetcar railway, also inherited from his father-in-law...
...109 Contributions of $10,000 or More to the 1952 Campaign," CQ Almanac, 1956, p. 704...
...After five years of failure in his attempt to balance the budget, Humphrey resigned his post in late 1957...
...Hanna Company, it became one of the two or three largest firms in coal and iron trade in the Ohio lake district...
...government contacts...
...Contributions of $10,000 or More in 1964," Ibid., pp...
...for its successor, see RAL) RNC - Republican National Committee, Wash., D.C...
...1967 - "Contributions of $5,000 or More in 1967," CQ Weekly Report, July 5, 1968, pp...
...Hanna (1837-1903) and George M. Humphrey (1890- ) -- the two men most responsible for the construction of the Hanna industrial empire - have played prominent roles in midwestern and national Republican politics...
...RFCAC - Republican Finance Committee for Allegheny Co., Pittsburgh, Pa...
...1956 Election Donations of $5,000 or More," CQ Weekly Report, February 8, 1957, pp...
...6 Political Payoffs for M.A...
...611-628...
...Both M.A...
...These sources are suggested as valuable tools for researchers...
...Hanna made as a result of the contract...
...George Humphrey played two major roles in the movement to secure the presidential nomination for Goldwater...
...1,500 Miss K. Ireland (daughter of R.L...
...Humphrey (10/31) 1,000 (Louise Ireland) G.H...
...placed full page ads in the Republican program and did not place them in the Democratic program...
...1067-1106...
...and Hanna Mining Co...
...1 Foreign Investment and the Multinational Corporation: The Impact of U.S...
...For though Wall Street financiers already constituted the most influential interest group in the party, they lacked control over the state party machines (except New York's) which managed delegates' votes...
...2 This rivalry between finance centers did not become plainly manifest in internal Republican politics (with the possible exception of the 1912 split between the Taft and Roosevelt factions of the party) until the convention of 1940 at the advent of World War II...
...1,000 ITV RAL VNL 4,000 ITV 1,000 VNL VNL 1,500 NYR 500 VNL 8,000 IKEY TO ABEREVIATIONS OF PQOLITICAL CAMPAIGN CI-TTEES CENNY - Citizens for Eisenhower-Nixon, New York City...
...Readers of Part II in this Hanna series (NACLA Newsletter, July-August 1968) may have noted that Consolidation Coal Company, which had enough cash reserves to acquire a controlling interest in Chrysler Corporation (fifth largest U.S...
...Twice Humphrey played the main role in neutralizing Eisenhower's stance in the part, preventing him from endorsing candidates put forward by the party's liberal wing...
...This source has useful data on both the 1952 and 1956 campaigns...
...5 The second incident occurred in early June when Humphrey called Eisenhower during the Republican Governors Conference to persuade him to dampen rumors generated by the press that he had agreed to endorse Pennsylvania governor Scranton...
...Indicates contributions to Goldwater campaign committees...
...Typical rates ranged from $3,500 for a full page in black and white to $5,000 for a full color page...
...Hanna had left to his brother and transformed it into the nucleus of an industrial empire see NACIA Newsletter, July-August 1968...
...Ross, Random House, 1964...
...In close collaboration with them he wrote the trust plank of the Republican platform of 1900, which held that trusts were necessary for the development of foreign trade...
...229-263...
...The early formation of the Standard Oil Trust enabled overseas expansion as early as the 1890's to secure foreign sources and markets for oil...
...As McKinley's congressional representative, Senator Hanna was in constant contact on policy issues with these financiers and became a major spokesman for their interests in Congress...
...George Humphrey also had close ties to the World ank as a result of serving as a menber of its Board of Governors while Secretary of the Treasury...
...Note the increased amounts of donations over past years...
...Mrs...
...12 -2the campaign to secure the nomination of fellow-Ohioan William McKinley as the Republican presidential candidate of 1896...
...Hanna, he was not a professional politician...
Vol. 2 • November 1968 • No. 7
