1965 Selden Resolution and excerpts from House debate
Mr. SELDEN. Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and adopt the resolution (H. Res. 560) to express the sense of the House of Representatives declaring the policy of the United States...
...But guns were the weapons of Mr...
...I have advised the Department of State...
...Karsten Karth Kelly King, Calif...
...The result of the vote was announced as above recorded...
...I was raised in St...
...Even more incredible than the existence of the resolution is the fact that the State Department, if the committee report is correct, has raised no objection...
...Bolling Fraser OElara, Mich...
...that I certainly do not consider satisfactory in this respect some ambiguously worded State Department statement saying that "We like this part of the resolution or we do not like that part of the resolution...
...I think we ought to ask ourselves a very direct question: By what definition of responsible legislative behavior is this resolution, urging change in the hemispheric policy of this Nation, being brought up under procedures which limit debate and proscribe amendment...
...KING of California changed his vote from "nay" to "yea...
...N.Y...
...Mrs...
...until such time as the Organ of Consultation takes measures to guarantee the peace and security of the hemisphere: Now, therefore, be it Resolved, That It is the sense of the House of Representatives that (1) any such subversive domination or threat of it violates the principles of the Monroe Doctrine, and of collective security as set forth In the acts and resolutions heretofore adopted by the American Republics...
...Dickinson Haley Dingell Hall Dole Halleck Donohue Hamilton Dorn Hanley Dowdy Hansen, Idaho Downing Hansen, Iowa Dulskl Hansen...
...O'Neill, Ma...
...Smith of New York...
...It permits the countries of the Western Hemisphere to pursue a path of indiscriminate nterventionism...
...Martin, Nebr...
...Don H. Fuqua Cleveland Gallagher Clevenger Onrrnatz Collier Gathings Conable Gettys Cooley Gibbons Corbett OGlllgan Cramer Gonzalez Cunnlngham Goodell Curtain Orabowskl Curtis Gray Dague Green, Pa...
...There is not a man in this Chamber, if a Chinese fleet were of Peru or a Russian fleet off Brazil with 16-inch guns on a bombardment mission, who would not join the gentleman from Alabama [Mr...
...FLOOD (D - Pa...
...The question was taken...
...Broyhill, Va...
...Springer Stephens Stratton 8ullivan Thomas Thompson, Ter...
...Until we learn to deal with people on their level and view things from their standpoint we will continue to fail in our efforts to halt communism...
...Speaker, I simply ask the question, Does the Department of State favor or oppose House Resolution 560...
...oD-z-cTrv or ITS...
...The operative paragraphs of House Resolution 560 do not refer to cases where there have been "acts of aggression and intervention" but use the very different term "subversive domination or threat of it...
...It is frequently stated that the cornerstone of our Inter-American system is the doctrine of nonintervention...
...I have met with military juntas, I have met with screaming patriots in the barricade...
...He is coordinated and he is smart-but he is wrong about people...
...Colmer with Mr...
...But in the two decades since the end of World War II, it has become increasingly apparent that the threat to the security of the Western Hemisphere lies -in Communist subversion, rather than in armed invasions across frontiers...
...Rhodes, Pa...
...Tunney...
...Foley with Mr...
...Khrushchev 1955...
...Halpern...
...Bonner with Mr...
...O'Brien with Mr...
...It was opposed in the House Foreign Affairs Committee, and even in the subcommittee there are, I am advised, three members who are opposed to it, but who were unavoidably absent when it was reported out.The committee report on House Resolution 560 relies heavily on a resolution adopted by the foreign ministers of the American Republics at the Ninth Meeting of Consultation in July 1964...
...What we say in this resolution is that we will intervene unilaterally with our Armed Forces in any country in the Western Hemisphere where we do not like what is going on...
...Green, Oreg...
...Andrews, George W. Barrett Berry Bolton Bonner Brock Cabell Celler Clawson, Del Calmer Craley Devine Diggs Parnsle Pogarty Foley Prelinghuyen Grider Halpern Harris Hawkin Holileld Hosmer Jennings Kee Keith Keogh Klucznsd Lindsay Long...
...Morris...
...Watkins Watson Watts Weltner Whalley White, Idaho White...
...A motion to reconsider was laid on the table...
...Speaker, the gentleman is very kind...
...We also extended the policy of economic dental by enacting far-reaching provisions designed to Inhibit the availability of free world shipping to Cuba...
...Buchanan Burke Burleson Burton, Utah Byrne, Pa...
...Second...
...As a matter of fact on several occasions during the last week I asked the Department of State to tell me whether the State Department, which used to have some responsibility in the field of foreign affairs, before the House took it over favors or opposes the passage of House Resolution 560...
...Andrews, Glenn Andrews, N. Dak...
...and Whereas the American Continents, by the free and independent positions which they have assumed and maintained, are not subject to colonization or domination by any power...
...There is no point in denying that fact...
...Post, Sept...
...Matthews with Mr...
...Madden with Mr...
...SELD]i (D - Aa...
...We placed a prohibition on the importation of Cuban sugar into the United States...
...Every peace program is a deception of the people, and a piece of hypocrisy unless Its principal object is to explain to the masses the need for revolution...
...Augustine and my family has been bilingual there for three generations as my southern Congressmen who represent me can tell you...
...Jones, Mo...
...Hemisphere...
...and there were-yeas 312, nays 52, answered "present" 3, not voting 65, as follows: Abbitt Abernethy Adams Addabbo Albert Anderson, Tenn...
...INGUAM (D - .Y...
...Pasman Patten Pelly Pepper Perkins Philbin Pickle Plke Poage Poff Pool Price Puclnski Quie Race Randall Redlln Reid nI...
...From the Washington (D.C...
...Lenin said many years ago: When it comes tne to hang the capitalists, they, lusting for gold, will be competing for the contract to supply the rope...
...tions and laden with gold...
...Lindsay...
...Stafford Staggers Stalbaum Stanton Steed Stubblefield Sweeney Talcott Taylor Teague, Calif...
...But this doctrine, adopted at Buenos Aires in 1935, has an often forgotten corollaryto make the Monroe Doctrine, in- the words of President'Franklin D. Roosevelt, a "joint concern of all the American republics...
...In reviewing the resolution passed by the House Committee on Foreign Affairs and the committee report, the Department of State has informed me that it would have preferred that the last "whereas" paragraph and the second operative paragraph follow more precisely the language of paragraph V of resolution I of the Ninth Meeting of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, which I have just quoted, so as to make clear that the House d.s3 not intend to say that a mere threat of subversion, standing alone, justifies the unilateral use of armed force-to make clear that the House does not intend to depart from existing inter-American treaties and resolutions on the subject...
...We do not need war: it Is harmful to our cause...
...Annunzlo Arends Ashbrook Ashmore Aspinall Ayres Baldwin Bandstra Baring Bates Battin Beckworth Belcher Bell Bennett Betts Blatnik Bogga Bow Bray Brooks Broomfield Broyhll, N.C...
...Cameron Hanna Resnick Cohelan Hechler Reuse Conte Holland Rosenthal onyers Irwin Ryan Corman Rastenmeier Scheuer Culver Leggett Sickles Daddaro McFall Sisk Deow Macdonald Thompson, N.J...
...Particularly after the furor over the Dominican involvement, it would be likely to raise every Latin American hackle...
...Speaker, if there was any great enthusiasm for the passage of House Resolution 560 on the part of any of these officials-and I think I can understand the English language-it certainly escaped me...
...Brademas Olaimo Olson, Minn...
...Waggoner with Mr...
...Apparently each state is free to judge that for itself...
...Roosevelt Roudebush Roybal St Oermain Senner Smith, Iowa Smith, N.Y...
...Thomas...
...hAYS...
...Customarily the field of foreign affairs is left to the President, yet on this occasion the President has not communicated with me nor with other Members of the Washington Delegation and I feel, as I am sure they do, that we should have liked administrative comments on this prior to House consideration...
...House Resolution 560 concerns U.S...
...580 Whereas the subversive forces known as international communism, operating secretly and openly, directly and iptirectly, threaten the sovereignty and political independence of all the Western Hemisphere nations...
...1967 Castro-Communist plot to overthrow Venezuela's democratic institutions...
...Anderson of llois...
...POLIC Faced with the situation which I have very briefly descbed, what has the United States done to cope with the menace of Castroism...
...The Monroe Doctrine, as you lawyers would say, is against an aggression vi et armis in the Western Hemisphere by foreign powers...
...Article 6 of the Rio Treaty states: If the nviolability or the integrity of the territory or the sovereignty or political independence of any American state should be affected by an aggression which is not an armed attack or by an extracontinental or intracontinental conflict, or by any other fact or situation that might endanger the peace of America, the Organ of onsultation shall meet immediately in order to agree on the measures which must be taken in case of aggression to assist the victim of the aggression or, In any case, the measures which should be taken for the common defense and for the maintenance of the peace and security of the continent...
...Ronan Roncallo Rooney, N.Y...
...O ur failure in regard to the Dominican Republic was in failing to practice collective security...
...Lenin 1916...
...Adair...
...Diggs...
...FASCELL (D - Fla...
...ICHM(D(D-M0) The professional agitator is not bound by any kind of a moral code...
...Colo...
...EaDEWS (D - Ind...
...GERALD R. FORD...
...we determined to see that Cuba may never threaten our strategic power position, as during the missile crisis in 1962...
...REID (R - N.T...
...The Clerk read as follows: H. Ps...
...Throughout the whole affair, it has also been characterized by lack of candor...
...As a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, I have sponsored and supported various initiatives within the Congress of the United States, designed to achieve these objectives In 1961, for example, we enacted the basic provision of section 620(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act, denying aid to the present Government of Cuba...
...This is exactly the sort of move, however well intentioned, that causes friends of the United States to wring their hands...
...The yeas and nays were ordered...
...If I hey did, I would not blame them, but they attack weak democracies, democracies that are wobbly and their oal is to set up, God forbid, a line of Communist states across Central and Sou h America which is, as the great Churcliill said about southern Europe when he wanted the invasion to be made there...
...the soft underbelly of Europe," through Italy and the Mediterranean...
...Article 18 of the OAS Charter declares: The American States bind themselves in their International relations not to have recourse to the use of force, except in the case of self-defense n accordance with existing treaties or in fulfillment thereof...
...Grider...
...and Whereas the Intervention of international communism, directly or indirectly, however disguised, in any American state, conflicts with the established policy of the American Republics for the protection of the sovereignty of the peoples of such states and the political independence of their governments...
...Why...
...Brock...
...GERALD R. FORD...
...Long of Louisiana with Mr...
...They are talking about the total annihilation of America...
...Farnsley with Mr...
...SAYs=AaDn OtX MIsPXS-C'S SCU= After the critical experience of October 1962, we have institutedvarious safeguards to make certain that CUba may not become a base for military aggression against the Western...
...560) to express the sense of the House of Representatives declaring the policy of the United States relative to the intervention of the international communistic movement in the Western Hemisphere...
...Holifleld with Mr...
...Del Clawson...
...Cabel with Mr...
...Jennings with Mr...
...But the difficulty is that not all Latin Americans read the CONGRESSIONAL REcORD...
...Moreover the meeting of consultation in July 1964 which adopted the resolution quoted in the committee report was called at the request of the Government of Venezuela...
...Harris with Mr...
...BINGHAM...
...and Whereas the ninth meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs Serving as Organ of Consultation In Application of the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance recognized that acts possessing characteristics of aggression and intervention carried out against one or more of the member states of the Organization of American States may be responded to in:either individual or collective form, which could go as far as resort to armed force...
...TSD PROCAM OF ECONOMIC DENAL On another front, we have enacted and implemented numerous measures to withhold assistance to Cuba, to restrict the availability of free world shipping to the island, and to limit the categories of goods that may be available to the Castro regime...
...MacOregor...
...Trimble Tuck Tupper Tuten Udall Ullman Utt Vanlk Vigorito Walker, Miss...
...Todd Toll Tunney Vlvian Waggonner So, two-thirds having voted in favor thereof, the resolution was agreed to...
...It seems to me that it has such far-reaching efects and grave impact upon affairs of this hemisphere that a minimum of 2 hours debate should have been allowed...
...Whitener Whitten Widnall Wllllams Willis Wilson, Bob wilson, Charles H. Wolff Wright Wyatt Wydler Young Younger Zablockl NAYS-52 Ashley Farbsteln Moms Bingham Ford, Nedzl Boland William D. O'Hare, Ill...
...lFno...
...Roll Call Vote: The SPEAKER...
...Hardy Dwyer Harsha Edmondson Harvey, Ind...
...The Department of State has said that the legislative history should, in any case,,clearly show that it is not the intention of House Resolution 560 to depart from the policy laid out in paragraph V of resolution I quoted above...
...Stephens with Mr...
...The Communists' own words make it clearer than I ever would be able: The Communist Party enters government institutions not In order to do constructive work, but in order to direct the masses to destroy from within the whole bourgeois state machine and parliament tself (Lenin, 1920...
...RYAN...
...SELDEN] in his resolution-not one...
...In recent years the Organization of American States has come to recognize that a limited interpretation of what constitutes "aggression"-that is, an interpretation which fails to include modern Communist techniques of subversive aggression-could create a huge gap in the machinery of the inter-American security system...
...Clausen, Fulton, Tenn...
...As I have tried to point out, the worst possible interpretation is indeed pretty bad...
...Bolton...
...Khrushchev 1954...
...They are trained in Moscow, or trained in Peiping, or trained in Havana...
...We face the most determined and dedicated enemy in our brief history...
...Such joint action is most important...
...The question is, Will the House suspend the rules and pass House Resolution 560...
...The Senate Foreign Relations Committee has held extensive hearings on this episode in American foreign policy...
...Khrushchev 1958...
...Brown, Calif...
...The Clerk announced the following pairs: Mr...
...Stratton with Mr...
...Article 15 of the OAS Charter declares: No State or group of States has the right to intervene, directly or Indirectly, for any reason whatsoever, in the internal or external affairs of another State...
...In 1962, we extended section 620(a) to prohibit assistance to countries aiding the Castro regime...
...18, 19651 INTERvNTION LICENsE Fear of communism does strange things to people's judgment...
...310] YEAS--312 Clark Fulton, Pa...
...Quillen...
...I have yet to receive an answer from the Department of State to this simple question...
...Third...
...and continuing urban terrorism and guerrilla activities even today in various Latin American countries--all attest to the relentless efforts to subvert governments in the region...
...Kluczynskl with Mr...
...and Third, we embarked upon a multiple, intensive effort to strengthen the Latin American nations through collective political, military, and economic measures, so that they may effectively resist Communist subversion and speed the transformation of a continent of backward societies to a continent of new, modern nations...
...ROSENTHAL...
...Harvey, Mich...
...Onge Sailor Schisler Schraidhauser Schneebell Schweiker Scott Secrpat Selden Shipley Shriver Sikes Skubltz Slack Smith, Caif...
...The soft underbelly" of this Nation is Central America and Soutlh America...
...We have seen an example of unilateral intervention in the recent Dominican Republic affair...
...and the opening paragraph of the resolution seems to say that this threat exists right now in "all the Western Hemisphere nations...
...HANSEN of Washington...
...Murray Natcher Nelsen O'Konski Olsen...
...Rogers...
...So these protestations of special pipelines and awareness of the delicacy of the relations with our southern brothers leave me cold, if you do not mind...
...I suggest they read it...
...Purcell with Mr...
...It is not an army, but peace that is required to propagate Communist ideas, disseminate them, and establish them in the minds of men...
...foreign policy in Latin AmericaIn other words, the House is writing a blank check not only to the President of the United States but also to any member of the Organization of American States...
...Traditionally and historically, we have held to this doctrine and it has been vindicated time and time again...
...In 1964, we included similar prohibitions in the Foreign Assistance Appropirations Act...
...Khrushchev 1955...
...Built on experiences of the 1930's and World War II, the Rio Treaty was designed essentially to confront traditional forms of direct aggression...
...The President does not exactly need such authorization in extreme emergency...
...Speaker, first, I deeply regret that this most important matter involving ide ranging foreign relations was placed before the House as a suspension...
...Roybal...
...The goal of this protracted subversive war in the Western Hemisphere is the destruction of the Inter-American system-the Communist takeover of Latin American countries-and the ultimate isolation and destruction of the United States itself, as leader of the hemisphere and the free world...
...Rogers of Texas with Mr...
...As many Members of this House stated on the floor the adddltion of constructive amendments which would have made plain to the entire world our determination to follow democratic procedures could have possibly been proposed and discussed...
...in failing to inform the OAS of our intentions to land troops or request observers to accompany our forces pending the arrival of OAS forces...
...St Germain with Mr...
...Fogarty with Mr...
...Today they land from nuclear submarines at night and come ashore on rubber rafts with their arms, or are dropped by parachute into the jungles-laden with muni...
...Roudebush...
...Congressional awareness of the need to recognize the threat of subversive aggression to our hemispheric security was reflected in a joint resolution passed by both Houses in late September 1963-Senate Joint Resolution 230, signed October 3, 1962...
...George W. Andrews with Mr...
...In addition, we have augmented and positioned various military forces so as to intercept and repel any overt armed attack by Cuba on any of her neighbors...
...They will see only the resolution itself, which will no doubt be widely circulated by our enemies, and the worst possible interpretation will be put on it...
...That is what we as Members of Congress will have to vote on here today, nothing more or less...
...The development of Ideas cannot be held up by force as It cannot be spread by force...
...I introduced the original resolution several years ago...
...Pirnie...
...This I am not prepared to do, and I deem it most unwise for the House to abdicate its responsibility in this fashion...
...Tenzer Thomson, WI...
...Miller with Mr...
...If the leader is helpless, then so are those he attempts to lead...
...For Instance, the Agency for International Development has recently instituted a program for Latin America wherein our people help train Latins in arts of local security maintenance and counterinsurgency...
...Orffn Davis, Win Grlffths Dawson Gross de la Garza Grover Delaney Gubser Dent Ourney Denton Hagan, Ga...
...The resolution, in fact, sanctions the armed intervention by any country in this hemisphere in the affairs of any other country where the intervening country, by its own sole decisions, finds that there is a secret or t open,-direct or indirect action, or intention, aimed at intervention, domination, or control of the other country by any ambiguous force which can be tagged with the label of "communism...
...We also authorized the imposition of an embargo on trade between the United States and Cuba...
...HAYS (D - Ohio) Mr...
...As I tell you, I am no "Damn Yankee," I am just a Yankee...
...Ask yourselves the question, "Do we have a foolproof short-term nonmilitary answer to subversion...
...In a statement of April 21, 1964, President Johnson affirmed our Government's determination to continue such undertakings as may be necessary to achieve this first objective...
...the N A C LA N E WS L ET T , R Sept...
...This is an extension of a sacred American doctrine, the Monroe Doctrine, and while I do not have the proper pipeline either, I feel that if Monroe were sitting where SELDEN is today, he would move the adoption of the resolution...
...Springer...
...What specific objectives have we endeavored to achieve through our policy toward Cuba...
...Many of us wished to ask questions and many of us wished to see a documentation by the Department of State as to their opinions, yet there was no time available...
...We ought to be quite clear, however, about the letter of the OAS Charter and Rio Treaty-which are the operative documents for InterAmerican security...
...the quick seizure of strategic posts by Communist agents in the Dominican Republic in April...
...Rivers, Alaska Rivers, S.C...
...Todd with Mr...
...La Macrsgr Madden Martin, Mas& Matthew, Miller Morris Nix O'Brien Patman Pirnie Powell Puroell Quillen Rogers, Tex...
...This was followed by my amendment designed to place restrictions on the use of our contributions to provide assistance to Cuba through international organizations...
...And earlier this month, to mention another example, together with a number of my colleagues I sent a telegram to the Secretary of State, urging that the U.S...
...Hicks Fallon Horton Farnum Howard Pascell Hull Felghan Hungate Findley Huot Fisher Hutchinson Flood Ichord Flynt Jacobs Ford, Gerald 1B Jarman Fountain Johnson, Calif...
...Article 17 of the OAS Charter declares: The territory of a State is inviolable: it may not be the object, even temporarily, of military occupation or other measures of force taken by another State, directly or Indirectly, on any grounds whatsoever...
...FaD (R - Mioh...
...Devine...
...Roberts Robison Rodino Rogers, Colo...
...Powell...
...Martin of Massachusetts...
...AYS (D- Ohio) In case some of the Members who have qualms about voting for this resolution have not read the new document by the Chinese Communists which was reviewed in the Sunday papers...
...Daniels Orelgg Davis, Ga...
...May Meeds Michel Mills Minish Mlnshall Moeller Monagan Moore Moorhead Morgan Morrison Morse Morton Mosher [Roll No...
...Article 19 of the OAS Charter declares: Measures adopted for the maintenance of peace and security in accordance with existing treaties do not constitute a violation of the principles set forth In articles 15 and 17...
...FLOOD...
...Again may I regret that the passage of a bill of this nature under suspension precludes many of the thought-provoking questions which should be properly raised in this vast and important field of foreign relations...
...Keith...
...All of our policies must be directed- toward the weakening of the Castro regime to facilitate the establishment of such a provisional government...
...House Resolution 560, by contrast, does not say that its operative paragraphs would apply only when there is a request for assistance from the govenmuent threatened with subversion...
...I have stated that the resolution now pending breaks no fresh policy ground...
...Mont...
...e-, e have before us a resolution expressing views which I believe undercut the principled commitments of America diplomacy n Latin America...
...and an effort to spell it out by resolution could reactivate all manner of latent antipathies toward American intervention...
...Senner with Mr Hawkins...
...BRADEMAS...
...Por these reasonS, wourd strongly urge our Government to act immedtateLy on the question of recognition and support for a provisional government in Cuba, once such a government is established...
...We have tried to refrain from scn assistance only to find the leaders of the Latin nations so bogged down with domestic problems of poverty and population that these leaders are unable to turn back the subversives...
...But do ty a;i.tack military, tyrannical juntas...
...I think what he has in mind is this: I am not a Johnnycome-lately to this problem of our relations with our Latin American brothers...
...Kee with Mr...
...The House Foreign Affairs Committee, for example, has allowed the aversion that we all share toward Castrolte communism to influence it into reporting an incredible resolution by Representative SDEN in effect authorizing the President to intervene with armed force whenever and wherever in the Western Hemisphere he deems this necessary to forestall Communist subversion...
...There are no more 16-inch guns and battleships...
...Duncan, Ores Mathias Van Deerlin Dyal Matsunaga Yates Edwards, Calift . nk ANSWZEZD "PRESENT'--3 Rays estoski Joelson NOT VOTING--65 Adair Anderson, Il...
...Speaker, on that I demand the yeas and nays...
...Reid, N.Y...
...Celler with Mr...
...Hosmer...
...I find it distressing that this resolution is being brought before the House under suspension of the rules...
...Because of the limitations of time, I shall only outline the major ones...
...Seaker, House Resolution 560 builds upon the concept of the interAmerican collective security system, as expressed in this final act of the Ninth Meeting of Consultation...
...Speaker, I would point out to the gentleman from Indiana [Mr...
...Thompson of Texas...
...RYAN (D-Lib...
...The Guatemalan situation in 1954...
...It does, however, restate and delineate the sense of the House in the light of events of the past 2 years-that is, since this House overwhelmingly approved Senate Joint Resolution 230, which stated: The United States is determined to prevent by whatever means may be necessary, including the use of arms, the MarxistLeninist regime in Cuba from extending by force or the threat of force, its aggressive or subversive activities to any part of the hemisphere...
...Among other steps, we initiated systematic air surveillance of the island...
...Mrs...
...Walker, N. Mex...
...Ellsworth Hathaway Erlenborn Hbert Evans...
...Our Government also gives constant attention to the preparation of contingency plans to meet new military developments which may arise with respect to Cuba, or possible use of the island for military adventures by her allies...
...Those are not the weapons of today...
...I have been traveling thee--I am sorry to report with the ladies present-for about 50 years, many, many times, every country...
...Until we get that answer and until our long-range program has an opportunity to produce the desired effects, until we can substantially build up and undergird the democratic institutions of this hemisphere economically, politically, and socially, we would be foolhardy not to recognize that at any given moment, with the deep understanding of the facts which which only the President can have, he must act in the best interest of the national security of this country, and that he will do so...
...House Resolution 560 is not a non- controversial bill...
...we resolved to apply increasing economic pressures to the Castro regime to limit its ability to engage in the subversion of the hemisphere, and to expose the bankruptcy of the system imposed on Cuba as a model for economic, social, and political advancement of the developing countries...
...Duncan, Tenn...
...Communist infiltration in key positions in Brazil prior to the 19684 revolution...
...We say to the gentlemen who are waiting to see whether the Soviet Union will change Its political program: Wait for a blue moon...
...Congress must take the initiative and train some professionals for our side...
...delegation to a recent meeting of the Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization be instructed to oppose Cuba's attempts to gain admission to that organization...
...Berry...
...On this Lenin said: We have never rejected terror on principle, nor can we do so...
...Keogh with Mrs...
...There are no forces In the world which could halt our victorious advance to communism...
...Our planes and ships also made sideranging radar and photographic reconnaissance along the Cuban coasts...
...It will be abundantly clear to all Latin American countries that while this resolution sanctions such action-by any country, in reality only the United States possesses the power, coupled with the desire, to take such action...
...Barrett with Mr...
...BENIETT (D - Fla...
...Vivian with Mr...
...CHARLES H. WILSON changed his vote from "nay" to "yea...
...policy in the Dominican crisis was characterized initially by overtimidity and subsequently by overreaction...
...In 1963, we went a step further...
...Speaker, I rise to indicate my support of the resolution, particularly with the explanation and clarification made in the remarks of the gentleman from Alabama [Mr...
...Also precluded s a thorough review on the position of our own State Department.RWN (D - Calif...
...Roosevelt...
...Speaker, I am opposed to the motion to suspend the rules...
...Priedel Johnson, Okla...
...KUNKEL changed his vote from "present" to "yea...
...It allows any country to take upon itself, despite the requirements for consultation under the Rio Treaty, the unilateral determination of a threat to the integrity of any other Western Hemisphere nation...
...Reifel Relnecke Rhodes, Ari...
...The question is whether It Is to be Communist or democratic revolution and the choice which the Latin Americans make will depend in part on how the United States uses its great influence...
...Whether we have to act unilaterally or whether we have to act in consultation with other states of Latin America, in the final analysis, what we will do is what the President of this country thinks is in our national interest...
...Smith of Iowa with Mr...
...Speal...
...These are the happy native patriots trained for mIll.io and arson, and terror...
...I was there, Charlie, year after year, country after country...
...But that resolution was adopted in response to a particular situation where the foreign ministers had collectively found that there had been "acts of agression and intervention" by the Government of Cuba "against the territorial inviolability, the sovereignty, and the political independence of Venezuela...
...I assured the Department of State that the legislative intent would be made clear in this respect and, on this basis, the Department withdrew whatever objections it might have had...
...King, Utah Kirwan Kornegay Krebs Kunkel Laird Landrum Langen Latta Lennon Lipscomb Long, MdL Love McCarthy McClory McCulloch McDade McDowell McEwen McGrath McMlllan McVlcker Machen Mackay Mackle Mahon Mailliard Marsh Martin, Ala...
...Rooney, Pa...
...and Whereas such a situation extended to any portions of the Western Hemisphere is dangerous to the peace and safety of the whole of it, including the United States...
...Rostenkowski Roush Rumsfeld Satterfield St...
...At the conclusion of those hearings the distinguished chairman of the committee, Senator WILLIAM FULBRIGHT stated: The U.S...
...HANSE (D - Wash...
...Gilbert Ottlnger Burton, Calif...
...and (2) In any such situation any one or more of the high contracting parties to the InterAmerican Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance may, in the exercise of individual or collective self-defense, which could go so far .as resort to armed force, and in accordance with the declarations and principles above stated, take steps to forestall or combat interveition, domination, control, and colonization in whatever form, by the subversive forces known as-international communism and its agencies in the Western Hemisphere...
...O'Neal, Ga...
...Speaker, on previous occasions I have objected to the use of the procedure of suspending the rules in order to consider questions of foreign policy which merit full and extensive debate...
...Second...
...Henderson Everett Herlong Evins, Tenn...
...Multer Murphy, m. Murphy, N.Y...
...Speaker, I do not think it would be proper for me to quote directly any conversations I have had concerning this resolution with officials of our Department of State, but I can say flatly that I have discussed House Resolution 560 during the last week, and specifically on last Friday and Saturday, with Secretary of State Rusk, Under Secretary of State Harriman and Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs Vaughn, as well as a White House official...
...Speaker, I think it is significant that President Johnson, the President of the United States, who has the primary responsibility under our Constitution for the conduct of our foreign policy, has not called for the passage of House Resolution 560...
...Patman...
...It was in this situation that the warning quoted in the committee report was issued...
...I have seen the old Las Cuchurochs in Venezuela, when I was walking with the Ambassador across the plaza of the hotel and a revolution broke out in front of us and I have seen, when it was safe to do so, on one side of the street, and there was a revolution on the other...
...the emergence of a Marxist-Leninist regime in Cuba closely tied to Communist bloc strategy...
...It would proclaim this country the sole judge of when a Communist threat existed, thereby rendering meaningless the very system of effective consultation we have sought to build...
...Sullivan with Mr...
...I would like to be certain that we have one right now...
...The full House ought quickly to send this ill-considered measure to the trash heap...
...Byrnes, Wie...
...Should Castro, with the help of slave labor and of massive transfusions of capital, equipment and manpower from his Communist allies, ever succeed in transforming Cuba into a materially progressive country, he would then possess a new and potent psychological weapon which he could use with great effect in subverting the governments of his neighbors in Latin America...
...If the House would enact this legislation today, it would give the President strong support of his policies in this area, and we would not be continuously subjected to unwarranted criticism because of overstatements of what our obligations are with regard to the Organization of American States...
...and second, it does call for collective action by the Organization of American States...
...All time has expired...
...Cahill Callan Callaway Carey Carter Casey Oederberg Chamberlain Chelf Clancy JohnsOn, Pa...
...Teague, Tex...
...Derwinski Hagen, Calif...
...The deficiencies in Latin American capabilities only reflect our own inadequacies in the counterinsurgency field...
...ROSEN IL (D - N.Y...
...Smith, Va...
...I would find its passage deeply disturbing, a grave setback for progressive diplomacy in the Western Hemisphere...
...Edwards, Ala...
...King, N.Y...
...Toll with Mr...
...The Communists realized this historical paradox long ago and have used it to their advantage for the past 20 years...
...Wash...
...BRADEMS], who complains about the ambiguities of the State Department, that has been a way of life down there for many, many years...
...Nor is there any requirement in House Resolution 560 that there be a collective finding that a situation of "subversive domination or threat of it" exists...
...I believe the leadership of the United States and especially this 89th Congress has no greater responsibility than to prove him wrong...
...Monroe's day-and that is why he wrote that doctrine...
...The latter can be summarized in three sentences: Fisst...
...Frelinghuysen...
...In this regard, I want to point out that the Department of State generally agrees with the objectives of the proposed resolution and so stated in its testimony before the Subcommittee on Inter-American Affairs...
...I specifically endorse the resolution because of two features: First, the fact that it reaffirms again the Monroe Doctrine after some lapse and doubt about its application in the last several years...
...Jonas Jones, Ala...
...The means which we have used to implement these objectives are many and varied...
...The movement of the future in Latin America Is social revolution...
...We are progressing toward communism without war...
...We have, in effect, by the wording of this resolution taken the same identical position as Mao Tse-tung, a position which holds that any means are justified to further Communist dictatorship-a position which is his weakness, not his strength-a position which has proven its bankruptcy In Africa and will backfire against him in Asia and the rest of the world, if only we do not join him in the same policy...
...HICKS changed his vote from "nay" to "yea...
Vol. 1 • September 1967 • No. 7
