Dateline
For the second time in less than a decade, Ecuador is attempting to make the transition from dictatorship to democratic rule. The first attempt. in 1972, ended in dismal failure. The elections...
...X, no...
...The nationalization occurred after Guyana slapped a higher tax on bauxite production...
...Arms, Technology & DependencyU. S. Military Co-Production Projects Abroad (Chart) (6 pgs...
...Focus on Trinidad (16 pgs...
...Chase in Latin America (6 pgs...
...In the end, however, Burnham's reformist solution, referred to as "people's capitalism" by one PNC minister, has resulted in more intense economic problems in Guyana rather than in any resolution of those contradictions...
...The View From Abroad (7 pgs...
...Teamsters in High Gear (8 pgs...
...Much as Frei, Burnham sees a type of "cooperative socialism" as the solution to the nation's economic problems...
...27 DATELINE e DATELINE (GUYANA CHEDDI JAGAN INTERVIEW To many observers, recent developments in the small (population I million), English-speaking country of Guyana appear quite contradictory...
...Death Merchants (1 pg...
...8) is still available and provides an excellent list of biblio graphical sources on Ecuador...
...0 If this coalition-building seems doomed to failure, many believe that the military will appoint an interim civilian President...
...And, while Burnham has been trying to mobilize support for his own position by arguing that the greatest danger to the workers comes from the outside (i.e., the United States, Brazil or Venezuela), Jagan argues that the main danger is an internal one should the Right be able to gain control of the PNC...
...7: BITTER FRUITS: THE DEL MONTE CORPORATION California: Planting the Seeds of Empire (8 pgs...
...1976 Available in Spanish from the Instituto de Investiga...
...A national plebiscite was planned for mid-1977 to vote on a new constitution, and Presidential elections were set for January, 1978...
...Such a solution proposes that production be organized on the basis of cooperatives (without defining either the question of ownership or the nature of the relations of production on the cooperatives), and that the cooperative sector of the economy would become the dominant area...
...The official explanation-bureaucratic delays in voter registration-left few people convinced...
...Political Economy of the Junta (14 pgs...
...Bankers' Coup in New York City (5 pgs...
...4: ELECTRONICS: THE GLOBAL INDUSTRY Run for Their Money (8 pgs...
...Within this policy, adopted at the PPP's 1975 congress, Jagan argues that the balance "can be weighted more toward the criticism than the support" due to the balance of forces in Guyana at the present time...
...An Industry on Wheels (7 pgs...
...that land tenure has remained untouched...
...8: OIL IN THE CARIBBEAN, FOCUS ON TRINIDAD The Caribbean Export Refining Center (11 pgs...
...10: TIME OF RECKONING: THE U.S...
...Workers' Pensions (7 pgs...
...X, no...
...AND CHILE The Policy Dilemma (8 pgs...
...By Steve Volk Back issues of NACLA'S Latin America and Empire Report VOLUME X: 1976 Vol...
...Merchants of Repression: U. S. Police Exports to the Third World (8 pgs...
...El Capltallimo Ecuatoriano Contemporaneo: So Fundonamileto, by Cesar Verduga...
...Financing Black Capitalism (7 pgs...
...Several scenarios have been suggested as possible outcomes of this process...
...These were some of the questions put to the former Prime Minister ofGuyana, CheddiJagan, when he visited NACLA-East in April Jagan, whose grandparents came to the then British Guyana from India as indentured immigrants and whose parents were sugar workers, first came to the government in 1953 when his People's Progressive Party (PPP) won the elections...
...VOLUME XI: 1977 Vol...
...He is regarded as quasi-fascist by the Left and dangerously demagogic by the Right...
...But much remains hazy on the nature of the agreement between Reynolds and Guyana...
...Vol...
...The military government that seized power in 1972 called itself "nationalist and revolutionary...
...X, no...
...Del Monte's African Safari (1 pg...
...Jagan and the PPP see two ways in which the working class could achieve power in Guyana...
...IX, no...
...The strength of the Marxist force in such an alliance, as well as the strength of the Right will determine, in the final analysis, if the struggle will be a violent one, according to Jagan...
...Chase's Work Force (4 pgs...
...In a similar vein, Burnham has undertaken the nationalization of several of Guyana's largest bauxite producers, including the Reynolds Metals Company's subsidiary, Guyana Mines Limited...
...copper companies' acceptance of the very favorable "Chileanization" of copper under Frei...
...They could easily be used as a pretext for postponing a return to constitutional rule and sharpening the repressive character of the present regime...
...XI, no...
...X, no...
...Contrary to official rhetoric, the military's decision to relinquish power can hardly stem from a sense of "mission accomplished" or "a job well done...
...Immediately, the wheels of the electoral machinery were set in motion...
...In 1962-63, the country was beset by a series of strikes and lock-outs which-as was disclosed later--were the handiwork of the CIA and its allies in the AFL-CIO...
...Central American Fixer (4 pgs...
...The destabilization campaign again knocked Jagan out ojoffice...
...Vol...
...X, no...
...Organizing in the Sunshine State (1 pg...
...9: CHILE: RECYCLING THE CAPITALIST CRISIS The Capitalist Crisis and the Chilean Coup (9 pgs...
...Candidate Asaad Bucaram Having abandoned its reformist tasks, the military has lost all support from progressive and popular sectors...
...Jagan does not rule the PNC out of such an alliance, but sees their participation as unlikely since the PNC "will not consider this if they are not the ruling force...
...As a continuation of its past work (see Volume IX, No...
...XI, no...
...An assortment of miniscule parties, devoid of any mass base, met to plan their political comeback...
...The balance sheet, after 5 years of military rule, shows that no reforms have been implemented...
...Dateline (6 pgs...
...29 VENE...
...1; THE PENTAGON'S PROTOGES Latin American Militaries: Two Models, Many Problems (4 pgs...
...Given these conditions, Burnham increasingly resorted to force to crush the labor movement when it pressed for higher wages or better conditions...
...Jagan, the Forbes Burnham government is essentially a reformist regime in the mold of the Chilean Christian Democratic government of Eduardo Frei...
...that conditions have deteriorated for the popular masses, despite the expectations aroused by the discovery and export of oil...
...Puerto Rico in New York (3 pgs...
...Vol...
...1976...
...Although the present Forbes Burnham government rose to power on the coattails of a by-now classic CIA destabilization attempt in the mid-1960 's, Burnham's People's National Congress party [PNC has recently moved the country to a radically different path...
...X, no...
...By Janet Shenk BIBLIOGRAPHY NACLA's Report on Ecuador (Vol...
...In 1972, the probable victory of Bucaram prompted a military coup...
...XI, no...
...X, no...
...Somoza: State and Estate (4 pgs...
...have proposed a Center-Left Coalition...
...Perspectives: Alternatives & Alliances (5 pgs...
...BRAZIL Volumes X (1976) and XI (1977) ORDER FROM: NACLA-East: P.O...
...Is Guyana developing as a progressive, anti-imperialist force on an increasingly repressive continent...
...One possibility, put forward by Jagan, is that the terms of the nationalization settlement were far more favorable than producing under the new tax...
...The Revolutionary Challenge (9 pgs...
...The question remains why Reynolds was willing to pay a similar tax in Jamaica and not in Guyana...
...Grace's Chemical Reaction (9 pgs...
...Jagan during his visit to the NACLA offices...
...He came back to win the general elections in 1957 and again in 1961...
...Currently, a wave of strikes in the cities and peasant unrest in the countryside are being severely repressed by the military government...
...According to Dr...
...Washington's Baby (9 pgs...
...Equateur: Nouvelle Strategle de L'lmperiallsm: Reformisme Bourgeois et Lutte des Classes, June...
...Investment Dilemma (6 pgs...
...30 DATELINE * DATELINE HUMAN RIGHTS IN CHILE TO THE PEOPLE OF THE WORLD a 21 minute color documentary -featuring the personal accounts of Laura Allende and Carmen Castillo, both released from prison as a result of international pressure -emphasizing the role of women in the Chilean Resistance and in the International Solidarity movement "Each woman, each group, can spend just a little time organizing campaigns, participating in this way in the great historical task of liberation of the people of Latin America...
...The Debt Dilemma (5 pgs...
...But in 1976, a new group of officers took power in a bloodless coup and proclaimed the restoration of "democracy" as its primary task...
...Vol X, no...
...This growing unity is undercutting generations of working class divisions based on race, divisions highlighted by the fact that most of the PPP's support originally came from East Indians (particularly sugar workers), while the PNC drew its support from the Black population (urban and bauxite workers...
...Thus, he has become a strong supporter of the consortium of bauxite exporting countries and adopted a more independent foreign policy including the strengthening of ties with Cuba and North Korea...
...with a response by James Weinstein Richard Lichtman: Marx and Freud SOCIALIST REVOLUTION AGENDA PUBLISHING COMPANY 396 SANCHEZ STREET SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 94114 NAME ADDRESS CITY STATEIZIP " Subtcrption (6 issues) 10 0 Foreignsubscription s11 "O Back issues $2 (list by number) " James Wcinstein's Ambgluus Legacy $3 with abscription "o The Polincs of Womn's Libemrwo.: s "o Capitalism and be Family: $1.50 (Discount available on five or more copies of each pamphlet...
...Foreign Investments Over $100,000 Since Sept...
...Caribbean Island Refineries and Associated Facilities (Chart) (pg...
...This would imply the formation of a broad national government to represent the interests of the working class, peasantry, progressive intelligentsia and merchants...
...Major Foreign Investments (3 pgs...
...CRITICAL SUPPORT These moves have led Jagan and the PPP to adopt a posture of "critical support" for the Burnham government, supporting its anti-imperialist and progressive measures, opposing any reactionary policies adopted by the PNC, and criticizing any obstacles the government places in the path of worker unity or the struggle for socialism...
...One-time mayor of Guayaquil, Bucaram draws his largest following from the suburblee, the sprawling slums of the coastal cities...
...Box 57, Cathedral Station, New York, N.Y...
...While the electoral maneuvers of the ruling class and the military continue, the Ecuadorean working class, the peasantry and the popular masses view the process with increasing apathy...
...2: NO ISSUE Vol...
...The first is by means of a political solution...
...Burnham has linked Guyana to the b6lc of non-aligned countries, established friendly relations with Cuba, nationalized the nation's important bauxite mines and proposed to bring a system of "cooperative socialism " to Guyana...
...From MAP to FMS: Security on a Cash Basis (4 pgs...
...Reynolds refused to pay and took the issue to court...
...Initially, the government resisted such pressures...
...Since its publication, however, several new studies have appeared that may be of interest to our readers...
...3: AMAZING GRACE: THE W. R. GRACE CORPORATION The Story of W. R. Grace and Co...
...X, no...
...If all else fails, both the military and the ruling class would probably prefer a perpetuation of military rule to a Bucaram Administration...
...The elections scheduled to end the civilian dictatorship of Velasco Ibarra were preempted by a military coup...
...Eager to resume direct control of the state apparatus, Ecuador's traditional parties have been calling for free elections since 1974...
...1977.' Available in Spanish from the Escuela de Ciencias de la Informacion, Universidad Central, Quito...
...Available in French from CEDETIM...
...Shortly after, the British intervened, claiming a "Communist takeover" of the government, and dismissed Jagan...
...Runaway Crops: The Big Tomato Deal (6 pgs...
...Dateline (7 pgs...
...Should the political solution fail, Jagan argued that Guyanese would have to be mobilized across class and racial lines to prepare for a confrontation...
...Guatemala: Del Monte's "Banana Republic" (7 pgs...
...Mexico: Canned Imperialism (4 pgs...
...Firmenich: A Political Analysis (6 pgs...
...Dope, Dollars and Death: The Mexican Heroin Connection (1 pg...
...Yet whether the outcome of this process is a civilian or military form of government, the new regime will most certainly be faced with growing popular unrest and a more organized working class and peasantry...
...Bankrolling the Junta (Chart) (1 pg...
...Vol...
...Ecuadort Grietaa en La Dontnalon, by Pairicio Jioncayo...
...N J. 07417 * (201) 891-8240 I I Il I II II I In fortcomng issus: Daniel Ben-Horin: Television and the Left Barbara Easton: Feminism and the Contemporary Family Robert Fitch: Planning New York City Articles on pohtical parties, trade umons, and social movements in the United States Im recent issesN: John Judis and Alan Wolfe: American Politics at the Crosroads Fred Block: Marxist Theory of the State Barbara Ehrenreich and Deirdre English: The Manufacture of Housework Max Gordon: The Communist Party of the 1930s and the New Left...
...Yet the main pressure for a return to civilian rule has come from within the ruling class itself...
...Dateline (6 pgs...
...The major factor in this has been the increasing unity within the working class, particularly between sugar workers and bauxite workers...
...What follows is a summary of some of the issues discussed by Dr...
...1973 (Chart) (1 pg...
...Why this graceful retreat to the barracks...
...Hawaii & Philippines: Plantation Plunder (7 pgs...
...Aid: Facts and Figures (5 pgs...
...The list of probable candidates is packed with the familiar names of Ecuador's ruling elite, including several past presidents...
...By the early 1970's Guyana was beset by a high rate of inflation, declining production in rice and sugar-two of the country's most important crops-financial problems, and the existence of a large bureaucracy created by the PNC...
...1) Vol...
...94 rue Notre Dame des Champs, Paris 6. CCP France 17.546.1o...
...5: U. S. UNIONS IN PUERTO RICO Early Courtship (4 pgs...
...The man most likely to win any freely held elections in 1978-as in 1972-is Asaad Bucaram, candidate of the populist CFP (Concentracion de Fuerzas Populares...
...Instead, the military rulers of Ecuador have carried out the dictates of the ruling class, by substituting repression for reform and providing a stable climate for investment...
...Vol...
...Its claim to legitimacy was its pledge to carry out fundamental reforms and to "end the monopoly of wealth by a privileged few...
...The Conservative Party has called for a National Civic Front to counter the CFP menace, while parties of the Center (Christian Democrats, Democratic Left, etc...
...Vol...
...Box 226, Berkeley, California 94701 PRICE: All Issues cost $1.25 plus 254 postage 29 DATELINE * DATELINE Vol...
...4: CHASE'S ROCKY ROAD (THE CHASE MANHATTAN BANK) The Genesis of Chase (2 pgs...
...Charts on Training of Foreign Military Personnel (4 pgs...
...The interim President would then convoke a constituent assembly as a prelude to new elections...
...clones Economicas y Politicas...
...Again, this can be compared to the U.S...
...12 pgs...
...Since the major strike of sugar workers in 1971, for example, bauxite and sugar workers have come out in support of each other's struggles...
...Even though Burnham's reformism heightened many of the contradictions inherent in the Guyanese economic system, the intensification of class struggle arising out of those contradictions began to push Burnham to adopt more progressive stands on many measures...
...If elections are held in 1978, Bucaram is predicted to win 40% of the vote, with no other candidate winning more than 25...
...Today, the military itself is preparing to step down and hold Presidential elections in 1978...
...1: ARGENTINA Argentina: The War Goes On (14 pgs...
...8 pgs...
...XI, no...
...Labor's Response (15 pgs...
...The Job You Save May Be Your Own (7 pgs...
...3: CAPITAL'S FLIGHT: THE APPAREL INDUSTRY MOVES SOUTH The Needle Trades (6 pgs...
...Unrest in the Canneries (1 pg...
...0 Since the President must be elected by an absolute majority, the possibility of a second round, or run-off, has led to frantic attempts to form alliances among the splintered parties of the Center and Right...
...Banks to the Rescue (2 pgs...
...Jagan sees the greatest danger to Guyana's march toward socialism in the right-wing of the PNC, a fairly weak faction which lacks a mass base in the country...
...U. S. Military Assistance Programs, 1946-75 (Chart) (4 pgs...
...Together with other factors, this growing unity has 28 DATELINE DATELINE pushed Burnham to the Left of his own PNC...
...Marriage on the Rocks, Militancy on the Rise...
...Vol...
...2: NICARAGUA Sandino and the Rise of Somoza (5 pgs...
...Soon after, however, the case was withdrawn and the company nationalized...
...Urban Counter-Insurgency Operations (3 pgs...
...Do Burnham's policies warrant the support of progressive forces in Guyana...
...10025 NACLA-West: P.O...
...Despite these elaborate preparations, however, many are doubtful that the elections will ever take place...
...X, no...
...Laura Allende 111110 TO THE PEOPLE OF THE WORLD For further information contact LATIN AMERICAN FILM PROJECT * P.O Box 315 * Franklin Lakes...
...Faculiad de Ciencias Economicas, Universidad de Guayaquil...
...Parties on the Left are still too weak to provide an organizational alternative...
...Rather, it appears that the military-and the ruling class-are stalling for time to ensure the election of a suitable successor...
...To date, more than 20 parties or movements, the majority situated on the right wing of the political spectrum, have declared their intention to participate in the elections...
...6: HARVEST OF ANGER: AGRO-IMPERIALISM IN MEXICO'S NORTHWEST The Unmaking of the Mexican Revolution (7 pgs...
...It came as no surprise, then, when the military announced last month that the election schedule would have to be pushed back for at least nine months...
...It is still much too early to tell whether any of these proposed coalitions would stand a chance of beating Bucaram on the second round...
...Sources and Resources (1 pg...
...Last Tango in Lima (7 pgs...
...Vol...
...The most likely candidate for the post is Galo Plaza -past President of the Republic (1948-1952) and current President of the Electoral Tribunal...
...Such was the case in the important sugar workers strike of 1971...
...Finishing Schools for Gorillas: U. S. Military Training (10 pgs...
...8, Ecuador: OU Up for Grabs), NACLA will continue to provide periodic analyses of events in Ecuador over the coming year...
...Tying the Knot (8 pgs...
...Indeed, a replay of 1972, with virtually the same cast of characters, is not improbable...
Vol. 11 • May 1977 • No. 5
